ETF Managers Trust

08/18/2022 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 08/18/2022 14:41

Summary Prospectus by Investment Company - Form 497K

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ETFMG 2X Daily Inverse Alternative Harvest ETF
ETF Trading Symbol: MJIN
Listed on NYSE Arca, Inc.
Summary Prospectus
August 18, 2022

www.etfmgfunds.com
Before you invest, you may want to review the ETFMG 2X Daily Inverse Alternative Harvest ETF (the "Fund") prospectus and statement of additional information, which contain more information about the Fund and its risks. The current prospectus and statement of additional information dated August 18, 2022, are incorporated by reference into this Summary Prospectus. You can find the Fund's prospectus, reports to shareholders, and other information about the Fund online at https://etfmg.com/funds/mjin/. You can also get this information at no cost by calling 1-844-ETFMGRS (383-6477) or by sending an e-mail request to [email protected].
Important Information About the Fund
ETFMG 2x Daily Inverse Alternative Harvest ETF (the "Fund") seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times the inverse (-2x) (or opposite) of the return of the Prime Alternative Harvest Index (the "Index") for a single day, not for any other period. A "single day" is measured from the time the Fund calculates its net asset value ("NAV") to the time of the Fund's next NAV calculation. The return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of its return for each day compounded over the period. The Fund's returns for periods longer than a single day will very likely differ in amount, and possibly even direction, from the Fund's stated -200% of the return of the Index for the same period. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Index's performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the level of the Index declines. As a consequence, longer holding periods, higher volatility of the Index and greater leverage increase the impact of compounding on an investor's returns. During periods of higher Index volatility, the volatility of the Index may affect the Fund's return as much as, or more than, the return of the Index. Further, the return for investors that invest for periods less than a trading day will not be -200% of the performance of the Index for the trading day.
The Fund presents different risks than other types of funds. The Fund uses leverage and is riskier than similarly benchmarked funds that do not use leverage. The Fund may not be suitable for all investors and should be used only by knowledgeable investors who understand the consequences of seeking daily inverse leveraged (-2x) investment results, including the impact of compounding on Fund performance. Investors in the Fund should actively manage and monitor their investments, as frequently as daily. An investor in the Fund could potentially lose the full principal value of their investment within a single day.
Investment Objective
The ETFMG 2x Daily Inverse Alternative Harvest ETF (the "Fund" or the "2x Daily Inverse Alternative Harvest ETF") seeks to provide daily investment results that, before fees and expenses, correspond to two times the inverse (-2x) (or opposite) of the daily total return of the Index. The Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective over a period of time greater than a single day.
Fees and Expenses
The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund ("Shares"). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management Fee 0.95 %
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees None
Other Expenses1,2
0.00 %
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses1,3
0.07 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 1.02 %
1 Based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
2 Other Expenses do not reflect the costs of investing in swaps, including any fees paid to the swap counterparty. The estimated annual costs of investing in swaps for the Fund are 1.30%. The performance of the Fund is net of all such costs of investing in swaps.
3 Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not correlate to the Expenses to Average Net Assets provided in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include 0.07% that is attributed to acquired fund fees and expenses.
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Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. This Example does not take into account the brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:
1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$104 $325 $563 $1,248
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in financial instruments, such as swap agreements, and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") and short positions that, in combination, provide daily inverse exposure to the Index or to ETFs that track the Index to seek returns equal to -200% of the daily return of the Index. The financial instruments in which the Fund most commonly invests are swap agreements which are intended to produce economically leveraged investment results. The Fund expects that its cash balances maintained in connection with the use of financial instruments will typically be held in money market instruments.
The Index tracks the performance of the common stock (or corresponding American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs")) of companies across the globe, including U.S. companies, that (i) engage in the cultivation, production, marketing or distribution of cannabis, including industrial hemp; (ii) engage in the production, marketing, transportation or distribution of products containing cannabis, including industrial hemp, for medical or non-medical purposes, including, but not limited to, drugs, supplements, or food products (the companies in categories (i) and (ii) are "Cannabis Companies"); (iii) engage in the creation, marketing, transportation or distribution of prescription drugs, supplements or food products that utilize cannabinoids as an ingredient ("Pharmaceutical Companies"); (iv) trade tobacco or produce tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars or electronic cigarettes; (v) produce cigarette and cigar components, such as cigarette paper and filters; (vi) engage in the creation, production and distribution of fertilizers, plant foods, pesticides or growing equipment to be used in the cultivation of cannabis or tobacco; or (vii) provide other products or services designed for, or used by, companies in the Cannabis industry, including technology, real estate or financial services. A company is considered to be a "U.S. Cannabis Company" if it derives more than 50% of its revenue from the activity described in categories (i), (ii), (iii), or (vii) within the United States.
The Fund will only directly invest in companies that are engaged exclusively in legal activities under applicable national and local laws, including U.S. federal and state laws. The Fund will not hold direct ownership in any companies that engage in cannabis-related business unless permitted by national and local laws of the relevant jurisdiction, including United States ("U.S.") federal and state laws. Because the Fund only holds securities of companies that are currently engaged exclusively in legal activities under applicable national and local laws, the Fund will not hold equity securities of any company that engages in the cultivation, production or distribution of marijuana or products derived from marijuana for medical or non-medical purposes in a particular country, including the United States, unless and until such time as the cultivation, production or distribution of medical or non-medical marijuana, as applicable, becomes legal under all local and national laws governing the company in such country.
"Applicable national and local laws" refers to (i) controlled substance laws and regulations or (ii) food, drug, and cosmetics, or equivalent laws and regulations under whose jurisdiction the company is subject that govern the cultivation, production or distribution, for medical or non-medical purposes, of marijuana in a particular country. "Hemp" refers to cannabis plants with a tetrahydrocannabinol ("THC") concentration of not more than 0.3% on a dry weight basis, as well as derivatives thereof, whereas "marijuana" refers to all other cannabis plants and derivatives thereof.
The Pharmaceutical Companies produce, market or distribute drug products that use cannabinoids to create government approved drugs. Cannabinoids are extracts from the cannabis plant and include tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol ("CBD"), dronabinol and nabilone. All Pharmaceutical Companies that are held by the Fund have the necessary permits and licenses to engage in lawful medical research using cannabinoids to produce government approved drugs, or to otherwise produce, market or distribute such drugs. This activity is distinct from the "medical marijuana" business, which refers to the use of the cannabis leaf, as opposed to specific extracts in pharmaceutical form, to alleviate the symptoms of injury or illness.
The Index may also consist of U.S.-listed common stocks of Special Purpose Acquisitions Corporations ("SPACs") that have been organized with the stated purpose of acquiring one or more operating businesses that would otherwise be eligible for inclusion in the Index (a SPAC-derived company). A SPAC is a "blank check" company with no commercial operations that is designed to raise
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capital via an initial public offering for the purpose of engaging in a merger, acquisition, reorganization, or similar business combination (a "Combination") with one or more operating companies. If a SPAC that is included in the Index announces a Combination with an operating company that will be eligible for inclusion in the Index, the pre-Combination SPAC and, subsequently, the SPAC-derived company will continue to be included in the Index, so long as it continues to satisfy the remaining eligibility criteria. If the SPAC announces a Combination with a non-qualifying business, the SPAC will be removed from the Index at the time of the next Index reconstitution.
As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund does not directly invest in companies that grow or distribute marijuana inside of the U.S. or any "medical marijuana" companies in the United States. The Fund may, however, hold securities of companies that have a business interest in the hemp and hemp-based products markets within the United States. If U.S. federal law changes in the future and these cannabis-related business activities become legal at the federal level, the Fund may begin directly investing in U.S. listed companies in the cannabis and hemp ecosystem in accordance with the Fund's investment objective and principal investment strategy.
The initial universe of companies engaged in the above activities is determined based on proprietary research and analysis conducted by Prime Indexes (the "Index Provider"). The Index Provider uses a variety of publicly available resources for such analysis, including shareholder reports of issuers or the Bloomberg Terminal, to determine whether a company is engaged in one of the businesses described in categories (i)-(vii), above. The Index universe is then screened to eliminate the stocks that have a market capitalization of less than $200 million ($100 million for U.S. Cannabis Companies) or a three-month average daily trading value of less than $500,000 ($100,000 for U.S. Cannabis Companies). Additionally, component securities of the Index must not be listed on an exchange in a country which employs restrictions on foreign capital investment such that those restrictions render the component effectively non-investable for a U.S.-based fund.
The Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly. The companies in the Index are weighted using a proprietary weighting methodology that weights securities either by market capitalization or in equal amounts, depending on how heavily the issuer is engaged in the businesses described in categories (i) and (ii), above. As of August 4, 2022, the Index had 19 constituents.
The Index is developed and owned by the Index Provider, and the Index is calculated and maintained by Solactive AG. The Index Provider is independent of Solactive AG, the Fund, the Fund's investment adviser, and the Fund's distributor.
Industry Concentration: The Fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its net assets) in a particular industry or group of related industries to approximately the same extent that the Index is concentrated.
The Fund may invest in a combination of financial instruments, such as swaps, that provide two times the inverse (-2x) exposure to the Index, to a representative sample of the securities in the Index that has aggregate characteristics similar to those of the Index, to an ETF that tracks the Index (including an affiliated series of ETF Managers Trust, ETFMG Alternative Harvest ETF) or a substantially similar index, or the Fund may short securities of the Index, or short an ETF that tracks the same Index or a substantially similar index. The Fund invests in derivatives as a substitute for directly shorting securities in order to gain inverse leveraged exposure to the Index or its components. When the Fund shorts securities, including the securities or another investment company, it borrows shares of that security or investment company, which it then sells. The Fund closes out a short sale by purchasing the security that it has sold short and returning that security to the entity that lent the security. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes.
The Fund seeks to remain fully invested at all times, consistent with its stated investment objective, but may not always have inverse investment exposure to all of the securities in the Index, or its weighting of inverse investment exposure to securities or industries may be different from that of the Index. In addition, the Fund may have inverse investment exposure to securities, ETFs, or financial instruments not included in the Index.
The Fund will attempt to achieve its investment objective without regard to overall market movement or the increase or decrease of the value of the securities in the Index. At the close of the markets each trading day, ETF Managers Group LLC (the "Adviser") determines the type, quantity and mix of investment positions so that its exposure to the Index is consistent with the Fund's investment objective. The impact of the Index's movements during the day will affect whether the Fund's portfolio needs to be re-positioned. For example, if the Index has fallen on a given day, net assets of the Fund should rise, meaning the Fund's exposure will need to be increased. Conversely, if the Index has risen on a given day, net assets of the Fund should fall, meaning the Fund's exposure will need to be reduced and that a shareholder should lose money, a result that is the opposite of traditional index tracking ETFs. This re-positioning strategy typically results in high portfolio turnover. On a day-to-day basis, the Fund is expected to hold ETFs and money market funds, deposit accounts with institutions with high credit ratings, and/or short-term debt instruments that have terms-to-maturity of less than 397 days and exhibit high quality credit profiles, including U.S. government securities and repurchase agreements.
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers, and other financial organizations. These loans, if and when made, may not exceed 33 1/3% of the total asset value of the Fund (including the loan collateral). By lending its securities, the Fund may increase its income by receiving payments from the borrower.
The terms "daily," "day," and "trading day" refer to the period from the close of the markets on one trading day to the close of the markets on the next trading day.
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Daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day's return over time means that the return of the Fund for a period longer than a single day will be the result of each day's returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ in amount, and possibly even direction, from the Fund's stated -200% of the return of the Index for the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Index's performance is flat over time, and the Fund can lose money regardless of the performance of the Index, as a result of daily rebalancing, the Index's volatility, compounding of each day's return and other factors. See "Principal Risks" below.
Principal Risks
As with all funds, a shareholder is subject to the risk that his or her investment could lose money. The Fund may not achieve its inverse leveraged investment objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. The Fund presents risks not traditionally associated with other mutual funds and ETFs. For example, due to the Fund's daily leveraged investment objective, a small adverse move in the Index will result in larger and potentially substantial declines in the Fund. It is important that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them before making an investment in the Fund.
Effects of Compounding and Market Volatility Risk:The Fund has a daily inverse leveraged investment objective and the Fund's performance for periods greater than a trading day will be the result of each day's returns compounded over the period, which is very likely to differ from -200% of the Index's performance, before fees and expenses. Compounding affects all investments, but has a more significant impact on funds that are inverse leveraged and that rebalance daily. Particularly during periods of higher Index volatility, compounding will cause results for periods longer than a trading day to vary from -200% of the performance of the Index.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced as Index volatility and the holding period increase. The impact of compounding will impact each shareholder differently depending on the period of time an investment in the Fund held and the volatility of the Index during shareholder's holding period of an investment in the Fund. If adverse daily performance of the Index reduces the amount of a shareholder's investment, any further adverse daily performance will lead to a smaller dollar loss because the shareholder's investment had already been reduced by the prior adverse performance. Equally, however, if favorable daily performance of the Index increases the amount of a shareholder's investment, the dollar amount lost due to future adverse performance will increase because the shareholder's investment has increased.
The chart below provides examples of how Index volatility could affect the Fund's performance. The chart illustrates the impact of two factors that affect the Fund's performance: Index volatility and Index return. Index returns show the percentage change in the value of the Index over the specified time period, while Index volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns during that time period. As illustrated below, even if the Index return over two equal time periods is identical, different Index volatility (i.e., fluctuations in the rates of return) during the two time periods could result in drastically different Fund performance for the two time periods due to the effects of compounding daily returns during the time periods.
Fund performance for periods greater than one single day can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the following factors: a) Index volatility; b) Index performance; c) period of time; d) financing rates associated with inverse leveraged exposure; e) other Fund expenses; and f) dividends or interest paid with respect to securities in the Index. The chart below illustrates the impact of two principal factors - Index volatility and Index performance - on Fund performance. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of Index volatility and Index performance over a one-year period. Performance shown in the chart assumes that: (i) no dividends were paid with respect to the securities included in the Index; (ii) there were no Fund expenses; and (iii) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain inverse leveraged exposure) of 0%. If Fund expenses and/or actual borrowing/lending rates were reflected, the estimated returns would be different than those shown.
As shown in the chart below, the Fund would be expected to lose 17.1% if the Index provided no return over a one year period during which the Index experienced annualized volatility of 25%. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a significant loss of value in the Fund, even if the Index's return is flat. For instance, if the Index's annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 95% of its value, even if the cumulative Index return for the year was 0%. Areas shaded red (or dark gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return less than -200% of the performance of the Index and those shaded green (or light gray) represent those scenarios where the Fund can be expected to return more than -200% of the performance of the Index. The table below is intended to isolate the effect of Index volatility and performance on the Fund's performance. The Fund's actual returns may be significantly better or worse than the returns shown below as a result of any of the factors discussed above or in "Daily Inverse Index Correlation/Tracking Risk" below.
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One Year Index -200% One Year Index Volatility Rate
Return Return 10% 25% 50% 75% 100%
-60% 120% 506.5% 418.1% 195.2% 15.6% -68.9%
-50% 100% 288.2% 231.6% 88.9% -26.0% -80.1%
-40% 80% 169.6% 130.3% 31.2% -48.6% -86.2%
-30% 60% 98.1% 69.2% -3.6% -62.2% -89.8%
-20% 40% 51.6% 29.5% -26.2% -71.1% -92.2%
-10% -20% 19.8% 2.3% -41.7% -77.2% -93.9%
0% 0% -3.0% -17.1% -52.8% -81.5% -95.0%
10% -20% -19.8% -31.5% -61.0% -84.7% -95.9%
20% -40% -32.6% -42.4% -67.2% -87.2% -96.5%
30% -60% -42.6% -50.9% -72.0% -89.1% -97.1%
40% -80% -50.5% -57.7% -75.9% -90.6% -97.5%
50% -100% -56.9% -63.2% -79.0% -91.8% -97.8%
60% -120% -62.1% -67.6% -81.5% -92.8% -98.1%
The Index's annualized historical volatility rate for the period from December 15, 2017 (the inception date of the Index) to December 31, 2021 was 47.6%. The Index's highest volatility rate for any one calendar year for the period from December 15, 2017 (the inception date of the Index) through December 31, 2021 was 63.4% and volatility for a shorter period of time may have been substantially higher. The Index's annualized performance for the period from December 15, 2017 (the inception date of the Index) to December 31, 2021 was -18.9%. Historical Index volatility and performance are not indications of what the Index volatility and performance will be in the future. The volatility of ETFs or instruments that reflect the value of the Index, such as swaps, may differ from the volatility of the Index.
For information regarding the effects of volatility and Index performance on the long-term performance of the Fund, see "Additional Information about the Fund's Investment Objective and Strategies" in the Fund's statutory prospectus, and "Special Note Regarding the Correlation Risks of the Fund" in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information.
Leverage Risk:The Fund obtains investment exposure in excess of its net assets by utilizing leverage and may lose more money in market conditions that are adverse to its investment objective than a fund that does not utilize leverage. An investment in the Fund is exposed to the risk that a change in a direction adverse to the Fund in the daily performance of the Index will be magnified. This means that an investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 2% for every 1% daily increase in the Index, not including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event of an Index increase of more than 50%. Leverage will also have the effect of magnifying any differences in the Fund's correlation with the Index.
United States Regulatory Risks of the Marijuana Industry: The possession and use of marijuana, even for medical purposes, is illegal under federal and certain states' laws, which may negatively impact the value of the Fund's investments. Use of marijuana is regulated by both the federal government and state governments, and state and federal laws regarding marijuana often conflict. Even in those states in which the use of marijuana has been legalized, its possession and use remains a violation of federal law. Federal law criminalizing the use of marijuana pre-empts state laws that legalizes its use for medicinal and recreational purposes. It is not yet known whether the current Administration will push back against states where marijuana use and possession is legal, step up the enforcement of federal marijuana laws and the prosecution of nonviolent federal drug crimes and, in the event the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer amendment is not renewed by Congress, begin using federal funds to prevent states from implementing laws that authorize medical marijuana use, possession, distribution, and cultivation. Such actions by the DOJ could produce a chilling effect on the industry's growth and discourage banks from expanding their services to cannabis-related companies where such services are currently limited. This conflict between the regulation of marijuana under federal and state law creates volatility and risk for all cannabis-related companies. In particular, the stepped up enforcement of marijuana laws by the federal government would adversely affect the value of the Fund's U.S. investments. Certain Cannabis Companies or Pharmaceutical Companies may never be able to legally produce and sell products in the United States or other national or local jurisdictions.
Marijuana is a Schedule I controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act ("CSA") (21 U.S.C. ยง 811), meaning that it has a high potential for abuse, has no currently "accepted medical use" in the United States, lacks accepted safety for use under medical supervision, and may not be prescribed, marketed or sold in the United States. Few drug products containing natural cannabis or naturally-derived cannabis extracts have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") for use in the United States or obtained registrations from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration ("DEA") for commercial production.
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Facilities conducting research, manufacturing, distributing, importing or exporting, or dispensing controlled substances in the U.S. must be registered (licensed) to perform such activities and have the security, control, recordkeeping, reporting and inventory mechanisms required by the DEA to prevent drug loss and diversion. Failure to obtain the necessary registrations or comply with necessary regulatory requirements may significantly impair the ability of certain companies in which the Fund invests to pursue medical marijuana research or to otherwise cultivate, possess or distribute marijuana.
Non-U.S. Regulatory Risks of the Marijuana Industry: The companies in which the Fund invests are subject to various laws, regulations and guidelines relating to the manufacture, management, transportation, storage and disposal of marijuana, as well as being subject to laws and regulations relating to health and safety, the conduct of operations and the protection of the environment. Even if a company's operations are permitted under current law, they may not be permitted in the future, in which case such company may not be in a position to carry on its operations in its current locations. Additionally, controlled substance legislation differs between countries and legislation in certain countries may restrict or limit the ability of certain companies in which the Fund invests to sell their products.
Operational Risks of the Marijuana Industry: Companies involved in the marijuana industry face intense competition, may have limited access to the services of banks, may have substantial burdens on company resources due to litigation, complaints or enforcement actions, and are heavily dependent on receiving necessary permits and authorizations to engage in medical marijuana research or to otherwise cultivate, possess or distribute marijuana. Additionally, cannabis-related companies are subject to various laws and regulations that may differ at the local, state, and federal level. These laws and regulations may significantly affect a cannabis-related company's ability to conduct business, secure financing, impact the market for cannabis business sales and services, and set limits on cannabis use, production, transportation and storage. Since the use of marijuana is illegal under United States federal law, federally regulated banking institutions may be unwilling to make financial services available to growers and sellers of marijuana. Additionally, litigation initiated by private citizens or companies could have a negative impact on the financial and operational status of cannabis-related companies.
United States Regulatory Risks of CBD and Hemp: The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (or the "Farm Bill") effectively removes hemp from the list of controlled substances and allows states to regulate its production, commerce and research with approval from the United States Department of Agriculture. Certain Index constituents may sell dietary supplements and/or foods containing CBD within the United States. The Farm Bill delegates to the FDA responsibility for regulating products containing hemp or derivatives thereof (including CBD) under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the "FD&C"). Under the FD&C, if a substance (such as CBD) is an active ingredient in a drug product that has been approved by the FDA, then the substance cannot be sold in dietary supplements or foods without FDA approval, unless the substance was marketed as a dietary supplement or as a conventional food before the drug was approved or before the new drug investigations were authorized. The FDA has publicly taken the position that CBD cannot be sold in dietary supplements or foods because CBD is an active ingredient in an FDA-approved drug, but has yet to issue any regulations in this regard. However, companies that sell CBD in dietary supplements and foods have taken the position that CBD was marketed as a dietary supplement and/or as a conventional food before the drug was approved or before the new drug investigations were authorized, and because the FDA has not brought enforcement action against such companies, this question of fact has not yet been adjudicated. In the absence of a conclusive legal determination to the contrary, as of the date of this prospectus, it has not been determined that the sale of dietary supplements and/or foods containing CBD within the United States would cause a company's securities to be ineligible for inclusion in the Index. It is possible that such a legal determination or future federal and/or state laws or regulations could drastically curtail permissible uses of hemp, which could have an adverse effect of the value of the Fund's investments in companies with business interests in hemp and hemp-based products.
Market Disruption Risk: Geopolitical and other events, including public health crises and natural disasters, have recently led to increased market volatility and significant market losses. Significant market volatility and market downturns may limit the Fund's ability to sell securities and obtain short exposure to securities, and the Fund's sales and short exposures may exacerbate the market volatility and downturn. Under such circumstances, the Fund may have difficulty achieving its investment objective for one or more trading days, which may adversely impact the Fund's returns on those days and periods inclusive of those days. Alternatively, the Fund may incur higher costs (including swap financing costs) in order to achieve its investment objective and may be forced to purchase and sell securities (including other ETFs' shares) at market prices that do not represent their fair value (including in the case of an ETF, its net asset value) or at times that result in differences between the price the Fund receives for the security or the value of the swap exposure and the market closing price of the security or the market closing value of the swap exposure. Under those circumstances, the Fund's ability to track its Index is likely to be adversely affected, the market price of Fund shares may reflect a greater premium or discount to net asset value and bid-ask spreads in the Fund's shares may widen, resulting in increased transaction costs for secondary market purchasers and sellers. The Fund may also incur additional tracking error due to the use of securities that are not perfectly correlated to the Index.
Aggressive Investment Techniques Risk:Using investment techniques that may be considered aggressive, such as swap agreements, includes the risk of potentially dramatic changes (losses) in the value of the instruments, imperfect correlations between the price of the instrument and the underlying security or index, and volatility of the Fund.
Derivatives Risk:Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund's investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and
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greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect daily correlations with underlying investments or the Fund's other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be imperfect correlation between the value of the reference assets and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested.
The Fund may use a combination of swaps on the Index and swaps on an ETF whose investment objective is to track the performance of the same, or a substantially similar index to achieve its investment objective. The reference ETF may not closely track the performance of the Index due to fees and other costs borne by the ETF and other factors, such as an ETF's premium or discount. Thus, to the extent that the Fund invests in swaps that use an ETF as a reference asset, the Fund may be subject to greater correlation risk and may not achieve as high a degree of correlation with the Index as it would if the Fund used swaps that utilized the Index as the reference asset. Any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using derivatives may also reduce the Fund's return.
In addition, the Fund's investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Swap Agreements:Swap agreements are entered into primarily with major global financial institutions for a specified period, which may range from one day to more than one year. The derivative transactions in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities representing a particular index or an ETF that seeks to track an index.
If the Index has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund's net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve exposure consistent with the Fund's investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its leveraged investment objective, even if the Index later reverses all or a portion of its movement.
Counterparty Risk: A counterparty may be unwilling or unable to make timely payments to meet its contractual obligations or may fail to return holdings that are subject to the agreement with the counterparty. If the counterparty or its affiliate becomes insolvent, bankrupt or defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, the value of an investment held by the Fund may decline. Additionally, if any collateral posted by the counterparty for the benefit of the Fund is insufficient or there are delays in the Fund's ability to access such collateral, the Fund may not be able to achieve its leveraged investment objective. In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund's exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its leveraged investment objective or may decide to change its leveraged investment objective.
Shorting Risk: A short position is a financial arrangement in which the short position appreciates in value when a reference asset falls in value and depreciates in value when the reference asset rises in value. Over the long term, most assets are expected to rise in value and short positions are expected to depreciate in value. Short positions therefore may be riskier and more speculative than traditional investments.
Obtaining inverse or "short" exposure through the use of derivatives such as swap agreements may expose the Fund to certain risks such as an increase in volatility or decrease in the liquidity of the securities of the underlying short position. If the Fund were to experience this volatility or decreased liquidity, the Fund's return may be lower, the Fund's ability to obtain inverse exposure through the use of derivatives may be limited or the Fund may be required to obtain inverse exposure through alternative investment strategies that may be less desirable or more costly to implement. If the securities underlying the short positions are thinly traded or have a limited market due to various factors, including regulatory action, the Fund may be unable to meet its investment objective due to a lack of available securities or counterparties. The Fund may not be able to issue additional Creation Units during period when it cannot meet its investment objective due to these factors. Any income, dividends or payments by the assets underlying the Fund's short positions will negatively impact the Fund.
Intra-Day Investment Risk:The Fund seeks leveraged investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the value of the Index at the market close on the first trading day and the value of the Index at the time of purchase. If the Index loses value, the Fund's net assets will rise by the same amount as the Fund's exposure. Conversely, if the Index rises, the Fund's net assets will decline by the same amount as the Fund's exposure. Thus, an investor that purchases shares intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund's stated multiple of the Index.
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If there is a significant intra-day market event and/or the securities of the Index experience a significant decrease, the Fund may not meet its investment objective or rebalance its portfolio appropriately. Additionally, the Fund may close to purchases and sales of Shares prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE Arca, Inc. and incur significant losses.
Daily Inverse Index Correlation/Tracking Risk:Investors will lose money when the Index rises, which is a result that is the opposite from traditional index funds. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of inverse correlation to its Index and therefore achieve its daily inverse leveraged investment objective. The Fund's exposure to the Index is impacted dynamically by the Index's movement. Because of this, it is unlikely that the Fund will be perfectly exposed to the Index at the end of each day. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to the Index increases on days when the Index is volatile near the close of the trading day. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions or high volatility will also adversely affect the Fund's ability to adjust exposure to the required levels.
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily two times inverse (-2x) leveraged investment objective due to fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs related to the use of derivatives, income items, valuation methodology, accounting standards, regulatory reasons (such as, diversification requirements) and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for the securities or derivatives held by the Fund. The Fund may not have investment exposure to all securities in the Index, or its weighting of investment exposure to such stocks or industries may be different from that of the Index. The Fund may also have exposure to securities or financial instruments that are not included in the Index. The Fund may also use other investment companies, such as ETFs, as reference assets for derivative instruments, which may result in increased tracking error. Additionally, an ETF's performance may differ from the index it tracks, thus resulting in additional tracking error for the Fund. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the Index. Activities surrounding periodic Index reconstitutions and other Index rebalancing events may also hinder the Fund's ability to meet its daily inverse leveraged investment objective. For example, the Fund may take or refrain from taking positions to improve tax efficiency or to comply with various regulatory restrictions, which may negatively impact the Fund's inverse correlation to the Index. Any of these factors could decrease correlation between the performance of the Fund and the Index and may hinder the Fund's ability to meet its daily two times inverse (-2x) leveraged investment objective.
The remaining risks are presented in alphabetical order. Each risk summarized below is considered a "principal risk" of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
Associated Risks of Investments in SPACs: The Fund invests in equity securities of SPACs, which raise assets to seek potential acquisition opportunities. Unless and until an acquisition is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets in U.S. government securities, money market securities, and cash. Because SPACs have no operating history or ongoing business other than seeking acquisitions, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity's management to identify and complete a profitable acquisition. There is no guarantee that the SPACs in which the Fund invests will complete an acquisition or that any acquisitions that are completed will be profitable. Public stockholders of SPACs may not be afforded a meaningful opportunity to vote on a proposed initial business combination because certain stockholders, including stockholders affiliated with the management of the SPAC, may have sufficient voting power, and a financial incentive, to approve such a transaction without support from public stockholders. As a result, a SPAC may complete a business combination even though a majority of its public stockholders do not support such a combination. Because the SPACs included in the Index will be designed to pursue acquisitions only within certain industries or regions, their stock prices may experience greater volatility than stocks of other SPACs.
Associated Risks of SPAC-Derived Companies: The Fund invests in companies that are derived from a SPAC. These companies may be unseasoned and lack a trading history, a track record of reporting to investors, and widely available research coverage. SPAC-derived companies are thus often subject to extreme price volatility and speculative trading. These stocks may have above-average price appreciation in connection with a potential business combination with a SPAC prior to inclusion in the Index. The price of stocks included in the Index may not continue to appreciate and the performance of these stocks may not replicate the performance exhibited in the past. In addition, SPAC-derived companies may share similar illiquidity risks of private equity and venture capital. The free float shares held by the public in a SPAC-derived company are typically a small percentage of the market capitalization. The ownership of many SPAC-derived companies often includes large holdings by venture capital and private equity investors who seek to sell their shares in the public market in the months following a business combination transaction when shares restricted by lock-up are released, causing greater volatility and possible downward pressure during the time that locked-up shares are released.
Concentration Risk: The Fund's investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries to the extent the Index is so concentrated. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular industries, groups of industries, or sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those industries, groups of industries, or sectors of the economy, and the value of Fund shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares that invest in securities of companies in a broader range of industries or sectors.
Consumer Staples Sector Risk: The consumer staples sector may be affected by the permissibility of using various product components and production methods, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. Tobacco companies, in particular, may be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. The consumer staples sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors.
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Early Close/Late Close/Trading Halt Risk: An exchange or market may close early, close late or issue trading halts on specific securities or financial instruments. As a result, the ability to trade certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may disrupt the Fund's creation and redemption process, potentially affect the price at which the Fund's shares trade in the secondary market, and/or result in the Fund being unable to trade certain securities or financial instruments at all. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses. If trading in the Fund's shares are halted, investors may be temporarily unable to trade shares of the Fund.
Equity Market Risk: The equity securities held in the Fund's portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. Additionally, natural or environmental disasters, widespread disease or other public health issues, war, acts of terrorism or other events could result in increased premiums or discounts to the Fund's NAV.
ETF Risks:
Absence of an Active Market: Although the Fund's shares are approved for listing on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the "Exchange"), there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop and be maintained for Fund shares. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Fund may experience greater tracking error to its Index than it otherwise would at higher asset levels or the Fund may ultimately liquidate.
Authorized Participants ("APs"), Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration:The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to net asset value ("NAV") and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Transactions: The Fund may effect its creations and redemptions primarily for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Paying redemption proceeds in cash rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities may require the Fund to dispose of or sell portfolio investments at an inopportune time to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to incur certain costs such as brokerage costs, and to recognize gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher or lower annual capital gains distributions than ETFs that redeem in-kind. In addition, the costs imposed on the Fund will decrease the Fund's NAV unless the costs are offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares:Investors buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of shares.
Fluctuation of NAV:The NAV of Fund shares will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund's securities holdings. The market prices of shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in the Fund's NAV and supply and demand of shares on the Exchange. It cannot be predicted whether Fund shares will trade below, at or above their NAV. During periods of unusual volatility or market disruptions, market prices of Fund shares may deviate significantly from the market value of the Fund's securities holdings or the NAV of Fund shares. As a result, investors in the Fund may pay significantly more or receive significantly less for Fund shares than the value of the Fund's underlying securities or the NAV of Fund shares.
Market Trading: An investment in the Fund faces numerous market trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process of the Fund. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund's shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV.
Trading Issues:Although Fund shares are listed for trading on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in shares inadvisable. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of any Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged or that the shares will trade with any volume, or at all. Further, secondary markets may be subject to erratic trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and APs may step away from making a market in Fund shares and in executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation in the Fund's market price from its NAV.
Foreign Investment Risk: Returns on investments in foreign stocks could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. stocks. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its Shares, the value of the securities in the Fund's portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Shares. Conversely, Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Because securities held by the Fund trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when the Fund's primary listing exchange is open, the Fund is likely to experience premiums and discounts greater than those of domestic ETFs. Each of these factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.
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Currency Risk: Indirect and direct exposure to foreign currencies subjects the Fund to the risk that currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates and the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad.
Depositary Receipts Risk:The Fund may invest in depositary receipts. Investment in ADRs and GDRs may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market and GDRs, many of which are issued by companies in emerging markets, may be more volatile and less liquid than depositary receipts issued by companies in more developed markets.
Foreign Market and Trading Risk: The trading markets for many foreign securities are not as active as U.S. markets and may have less governmental regulation and oversight. Foreign markets also may have clearance and settlement procedures that make it difficult for the Fund to buy and sell securities. These factors could result in a loss to the Fund by causing the Fund to be unable to dispose of an investment or to miss an attractive investment opportunity, or by causing Fund assets to be uninvested for some period of time.
Foreign Securities Risk: The Fund invests a significant portion of its assets directly in securities of issuers based outside of the U.S., or in depositary receipts that represent such securities. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in securities of U.S. issuers, such as risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability, as well as varying regulatory requirements applicable to investments in non-U.S. issuers. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may also be subject to different regulatory, accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers.
Political and Economic Risk: The Fund is subject to foreign political and economic risk not associated with U.S. investments, meaning that political events, social and economic events and natural disasters occurring in a country where the Fund invests could cause the Fund's investments in that country to experience gains or losses. The Fund also could be unable to enforce its ownership rights or pursue legal remedies in countries where it invests.
Gain Limitation Risk: The Adviser will attempt to position the Fund's portfolio to ensure that the Fund does not gain or lose more than 90% of its NAV on a given day. As a consequence, the Fund's portfolio should not be responsive to Index movements of more than 45% in a given day. For example, for the Fund, if the Index were to lose 50%, the Fund's gains should be limited to a daily gain of 90% (i.e., inverse 2 times (-2x) 45%) rather than 100% (i.e., inverse 2 times (-2x) 50%).
Health Care Companies Risk: Health care companies are subject to extensive government regulation and their profitability can be significantly affected by restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure (including price discounting), limited product lines, and an increased emphasis on the delivery of healthcare through outpatient services. Health care companies are heavily dependent on obtaining and defending patents, which may be time consuming and costly, and the expiration of patents may also adversely affect the profitability of the companies. Health care companies are also subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies, or other market developments. Many new products in the health care field require significant research and development and may be subject to regulatory approvals, all of which may be time consuming and costly with no guarantee that any product will come to market.
Biotechnology Company Risk: A biotechnology company's valuation can often be based largely on the potential or actual performance of a limited number of products and can accordingly be greatly affected if one of its products proves, among other things, unsafe, ineffective or unprofitable. Biotechnology companies are subject to regulation by, and the restrictions of, the FDA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, state and local governments, and foreign regulatory authorities.
Pharmaceutical Company Risk: Companies in the pharmaceutical industry can be significantly affected by, among other things, government approval of products and services, government regulation and reimbursement rates, product liability claims, patent expirations and protection and intense competition.
Liquidity Risk:In certain circumstances, such as the disruption of the orderly markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests, the Fund might not be able to acquire or dispose of certain holdings quickly or at prices that represent true market value in the judgment of the Adviser. Markets for the financial instruments in which the Fund invests may be disrupted by a number of events, including but not limited to economic crises, health crises, natural disasters, excessive volatility, new legislation, or regulatory changes inside or outside of the U.S. For example, regulation limiting the ability of certain financial institutions to invest in certain financial instruments would likely reduce the liquidity of those instruments. These situations may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high leveraged correlation with the Index.
Money Market Instrument Risk:The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Money market funds may be subject to credit risk with respect to the debt instruments in which they invest. Depository accounts may be subject to credit risk with respect to the financial institution in which the depository account is held. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments may lose money.
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Natural Disaster/Epidemic Risk: Natural or environmental disasters, such as earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, tsunamis and other severe weather-related phenomena generally, and widespread disease, including pandemics and epidemics, have been and may be highly disruptive to economies and markets, adversely impacting individual companies, sectors, industries, markets, currencies, interest and inflation rates, credit ratings, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Fund's investments. Given the increasing interdependence among global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region are increasingly likely to adversely affect markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. Any such events could have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Fund's investments.
New Fund Risk:The Fund is a recently organized investment company with limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size.
Non-Cannabis Related Business Risk: Many of the companies in the Index are engaged in other lines of business unrelated to the activities identified in the principal investment strategies, above, and these lines of business could adversely affect their operating results. The operating results of these companies may fluctuate as a result of events in the other lines of business. In addition, a company's ability to engage in new activities may expose it to business risks with which it has less experience than it has with the business risks associated with its traditional businesses. There can be no assurance that the other lines of business in which these companies are engaged will not have an adverse effect on a company's business or financial condition.
Non-Diversification Risk: Because the Fund is "non-diversified," it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a small number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a small number of issuers could cause the Fund's overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund's volatility and have a greater impact on the Fund's performance.
Other Investment Companies Risk: The Fund will incur higher and duplicative expenses when it invests in other investment companies. There is also the risk that the Fund may suffer losses due to the investment practices of the underlying funds. When the Fund invests in other investment companies, the Fund will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of securities held by such investment companies. Investments in ETFs are also subject to the following risks: (i) the market price of an ETF's shares may trade above or below their net asset value; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF's shares may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) trading of an ETF's shares may be halted for a number of reasons.
Portfolio Turnover Risk:The Fund may buy and sell investments frequently. Such a strategy often involves higher expenses, including brokerage commissions, and may increase the amount of capital gains (in particular, short-term capital gains taxable to shareholders at ordinary income rates) realized by the Fund.
Risks Related to Investing in Canada: Because the investments of the Fund are geographically concentrated in Canadian companies or companies that have a significant presence in Canada, investment results could be dependent on the financial condition of the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is reliant on the sale of natural resources and commodities, which can pose risks such as the fluctuation of prices and the variability of demand for exportation of such products. Changes in spending on Canadian products by the economies of other countries or changes in any of these economies may cause a significant impact on the Canadian economy. In particular, the Canadian economy is heavily dependent on relationships with certain key trading partners, including the United States and China.
Sector Risk:To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.
Securities Lending Risk: The Fund may engage in securities lending. The Fund may lose money if the borrower of the loaned securities delays returning in a timely manner or fails to return the loaned securities. Securities lending involves the risk that the Fund could lose money in the event of a decline in the value of collateral provided for loaned securities. In addition, the Fund bears the risk of loss in connection with its investment of the cash collateral it receives from a borrower. To the extent that the value or return of the Fund's investment of the cash collateral declines below the amount owed to the borrower, the Fund may incur losses that exceed the amount it earned on lending the security.
Smaller Companies Risk: The Fund's Index may be composed primarily of, or have significant exposure to, securities of smaller companies. Smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies, and may underperform other segments of the market or the equity market as a whole. The securities of smaller companies also are often traded in the over-the-counter market and tend to be bought and sold less frequently and at significantly lower trading volumes than the securities of larger companies. As a result, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell a significant amount of the securities of a smaller company without an adverse impact on the price of the company's securities, or the Fund may have to sell such securities in smaller quantities over a longer period of time, which may increase the Fund's tracking error.
Tax Risk: To qualify for the favorable tax treatment generally available to regulated investment companies, the Fund must satisfy certain diversification requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). In particular, the Fund generally may not acquire a security if, as a result of the acquisition, more than 50% of the value of the Fund's assets would be invested in (a) issuers in which the Fund has, in each case, invested more than 5% of the Fund's assets and (b) issuers more than 10%
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of whose outstanding voting securities are owned by the Fund. When the Index is concentrated in a relatively small number of securities, it may not be possible for the Fund to fully implement a replication strategy or a representative sampling strategy while satisfying these diversification requirements. The Fund's efforts to satisfy the diversification requirements may cause the Fund's return to deviate from that of the Index, and the Fund's efforts to replicate the Index may cause it inadvertently to fail to satisfy the diversification requirements. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income.
Valuation Risk: The sales price that the Fund could receive for a security may differ from the Fund's valuation of the security and may differ from the value used by the Index, particularly for securities that trade in low volume or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology. In addition, the value of the securities in the Fund's portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund's shares.
Performance Information
The Fund is new and therefore does not have performance history for a full calendar year. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, a bar chart and table will be included that will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the variability of the Fund's returns and comparing the Fund's performance to a broad measure of market performance. Updated performance information is available at www.etfmg.com.
Investment Adviser
ETF Managers Group LLC (the "Adviser") serves as the investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers
Samuel R. Masucci, III, Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser, Frank Vallario, Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser, and Devin Ryder, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, have been the Fund's portfolio managers since the Fund's inception in 2021.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as "Creation Units," which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the "Deposit Securities") and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Investors may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (ask) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market (the "bid-ask spread"). Recent information about the Fund, including its NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads is available on the Fund's website at www.etfmg.com.
Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Fund's shares are not redeemable securities.
Tax Information
The distributions made by the Fund are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an Individual Retirement Account ("IRA") or other tax-advantaged account. However, subsequent withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged account may be subject to federal income tax. You should consult your tax advisor about your specific tax situation.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an "Intermediary"), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of the Fund's shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary's website for more information.
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