Coda Octopus Group Inc.

09/14/2021 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 09/14/2021 04:11

Quarterly Report (SEC Filing - 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2021

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ______________

Commission File Number 001-38154

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 34-2008348

(State or other jurisdiction of

Incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

3300 S Hiawassee Rd, Suite 104-105,
Orlando, Florida 		32835
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (863) 937 8985

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock CODA Nasdaq

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of 'accelerated filer' and 'large accelerated filer' in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one): ☐

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer☐ Smaller reporting company ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No☒

The number of shares outstanding of issuer's common stock, $0.001 par value as of September 14, 2021 is 10,857,195.

INDEX

Page
PART I - Financial Information 3
Item 1: Financial Statements 3
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2021 (Unaudited) and October 31, 2020 4
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) 6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Three, Six and Nine Months Ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) 7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) 8
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements 9
Item 2: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 27
Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks 38
Item 4: Controls and Procedures 38
PART II - Other Information 39
Item 1: Legal Proceedings 39
Item 1A: Risk Factors 39
Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 39
Item 3: Default Upon Senior Securities 39
Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures 39
Item 5: Other Information 39
Item 6: Exhibits 39
Signatures 40
2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2021 and 2020

Contents

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2021 (Unaudited) and October 31, 2020 4
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months ended July 31, 2021 (Unaudited) and 2020 (Unaudited) 6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Three, Six and Nine Months ended July 31, 2021 (Unaudited) and 2020 (Unaudited) 7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months ended July 31, 2021 (Unaudited) and 2020 (Unaudited) 8
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements 9
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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

July 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020

2021 2020
Unaudited
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash $ 19,159,905 $ 15,134,289
Accounts Receivable, net 2,206,428 2,014,660
Inventory 10,830,818 9,142,273
Unbilled Receivables 1,167,561 861,300
Prepaid Expenses 228,281 289,204
Other Current Assets 556,212 244,171
Total Current Assets 34,149,205 27,685,897
FIXED ASSETS
Property and Equipment, net 6,032,607 6,059,900
OTHER ASSETS
Goodwill and Other Intangibles, net 3,769,862 3,731,452
Deferred Tax Asset 411,545 561,902
Total Other Assets 4,181,407 4,293,354
Total Assets $ 44,363,219 $ 38,039,151

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)

July 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020

2021 2020
Unaudited
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts Payable $ 955,883 $ 1,284,097
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities 532,864 584,202
Note Payable 193,345 509,769
Deferred Revenue 1,520,871 1,006,454
Total Current Liabilities 3,202,963 3,384,522
LONG TERM LIABILITIES
Deferred Revenue, less current portion 181,248 195,022
Note Payable, less current portion - 63,339
Total Long Term Liabilities 181,248 258,361
Total Liabilities 3,384,211 3,642,883
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common Stock, $.001par value; 150,000,000shares authorized, 10,857,195shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2021 and 10,751,881shares issued and outstanding as of October 31, 2020, respectively 10,858 10,753
Additional Paid-in Capital 60,893,543 60,132,415
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (1,357,634 ) (2,321,278 )
Accumulated Deficit (18,567,759 ) (23,425,622 )
Total Stockholders' Equity 40,979,008 34,396,268
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity $ 44,363,219 $ 38,039,151

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended July 31, Nine Months Ended July 31,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net Revenues $ 5,827,375 $ 5,396,036 $ 16,250,910 $ 15,366,233
Cost of Revenues 1,614,966 1,776,868 4,973,975 5,547,211
Gross Profit 4,212,409 3,619,168 11,276,935 9,819,022
OPERATING EXPENSES
Research & Development 675,766 772,641 1,904,186 2,414,547
Selling, General & Administrative 2,205,230 1,525,469 5,798,597 4,950,357
Total Operating Expenses 2,880,996 2,298,110 7,702,783 7,364,904
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS 1,331,413 1,321,058 3,574,152 2,454,118
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Other Income 3,571 3,871 75,070 16,384
Funding from Paycheck Protection Program - - 648,872 -
Interest Expense (14,736 ) (16,580 ) (42,891 ) (54,650 )
Total Other Income (Expense) (11,165 ) (12,709 ) 681,051 (38,266 )
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE 1,320,248 1,308,349 4,255,203 2,415,852
INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)
Current Tax Benefit 418,329 1,584 753,017 13,063
Deferred Tax Expense (217,491 ) (287,180 ) (150,357 ) (324,469 )
Total Income Tax Benefit (Expense) 200,838 (285,596 ) 602,660 (311,406 )
NET INCOME $ 1,521,086 $ 1,022,753 $ 4,857,863 $ 2,104,446
NET INCOME PER SHARE:
Basic $ 0.14 $ 0.10 $ 0.45 $ 0.20
Diluted $ 0.13 $ 0.09 $ 0.43 $ 0.19
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES:
Basic 10,830,183 10,739,354 10,786,107 10,727,705
Diluted 11,342,684 11,291,354 11,298,608 11,279,705
NET INCOME $ 1,521,086 $ 1,022,753 $ 4,857,863 $ 2,104,446
Other Comprehensive Income
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment (260,681 ) 674,879 963,644 205,645
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME $ 1,260,405 $ 1,697,632 $ 5,821,507 $ 2,310,091

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

For the Three, Six and Nine Months Ended July 31, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited)

Accumulated
Additional Other
Common Stock Paid-in Comprehensive Accumulated
Shares Amount Capital Income (Loss) Deficit Total
Balance, October 31, 2019 10,721,881 $ 10,723 $ 59,521,665 $ (2,135,408) $ (26,769,207) $ 30,627,773
Foreign currency translation adjustment - - - 84,751 - 84,751
Net Income - - - - 1,346,773 1,346,773
Balance, January 31, 2020 10,721,881 $ 10,723 $ 59,521,665 $ (2,050,657) $ (25,422,434) $ 32,059,297
Stock based compensation - - 88,299 - - 88,299
Foreign currency translation adjustment - - - (553,985) - (553,985)
Net Loss - - - - (265,080) (265,080)
Balance, April 30, 2020 10,721,881 $ 10,723 $ 59,609,964 $ (2,604,642) $ (25,687,514) $ 31,328,531
Stock based compensation - - 175,166 - - 175,166
Consultant stock based compensation 30,000 30 169,470 - - 169,500
Foreign currency translation adjustment - - - 674,879 - 674,879
Net Loss - - - - 1,022,753 1,022,753
Balance, July 31, 2020 10,751,881 10,753 59,954,600 $ (1,929,763) $ (24,664,761) 33,370,829
Accumulated
Additional Other
Common Stock Paid-in Comprehensive Accumulated
Shares Amount Capital Income (Loss) Deficit Total
Balance, October 31, 2020 10,751,881 $ 10,753 $ 60,132,415 $ (2,321,278) $ (23,425,622) $ 34,396,268
Employee stock based compensation - - 174,447 - - 174,447
Foreign currency translation adjustment - - - 925,613 - 925,613
Net Income - - - - 1,128,844 1,128,844
Balance, January 31, 2021 10,751,881 $ 10,753 $ 60,306,862 $ (1,395,665) $ (22,296,778) $ 36,625,172
Employee stock based compensation - - 135,157 - - 135,157
Stock issued for options exercised 65,161 65 (65) - - -
Foreign currency translation adjustment - - - 298,712 - 298,712
Net Income - - - - 2,207,933 2,207,933
Balance, April 30, 2021 10,817,042 $ 10,818 $ 60,441,954 $ (1,096,953) $ (20,088,845) $ 39,266,974
Employee stock based compensation - - 230,879 230,879
Stock issued for options exercised 15,153 15 (15) -
Consultant stock based compensation 25,000 25 220,725 - - 220,750
Foreign currency translation adjustment (260,681) - (260,681 )
Net Income 1,521,086 1,521,086
Balance, July 31, 2021 10,857,195 $ 10,858 $ 60,893,543 $ (1,357,634) $ (18,567,759) $ 40,979,008

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended July 31,
2021 2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income $ 4,857,863 $ 2,104,446
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 827,509 643,335
Stock based compensation 761,233 432,965
Deferred income taxes 150,357 324,469
Funding from Paycheck Protection Program recognized as income (648,872) -
(Increase) decrease in operating assets:
Accounts receivable (191,768) 872,698
Inventory (1,688,545) (3,526,960)
Unbilled receivables (306,261) 1,097,939
Prepaid expenses 60,923 (77,957)
Other current assets (312,041) 37,874
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Accounts payable and other current liabilities (379,552) (291,295)
Deferred revenue 500,643 18,944
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 3,631,489 1,636,458
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment (759,733) (782,350)
Purchases of other intangible assets (78,893) (50,324)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities (838,626) (832,674)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayment of notes (379,763) (362,776)
Proceeds from Paycheck Protection Program 648,872 648,872
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities 269,109 286,096
EFFECT OF CURRENCY TRANSLATION ON CHANGES IN CASH 963,644 205,645
NET INCREASE IN CASH 4,025,616 1,295,525
CASH AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD 15,134,289 11,721,683
CASH AT THE END OF THE PERIOD $ 19,159,905 $ 13,017,208
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest $ 42,891 $ 53,041
Cash paid for taxes $ - $ -

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared based upon US Securities and Exchange Commission rules that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. Therefore, they do not include all information and footnote disclosures necessary for a complete presentation of Coda Octopus Group, Inc.'s financial position, results of operations and cash flows, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Coda Octopus Group, Inc. (the 'Company', 'Coda Octopus', 'we' or 'us') filed audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2020 and 2019 which included all information and notes necessary for such complete presentation as part of its annual report on Form 10-K filed on January 28, 2021, ('the Form 10-K'). The results of operations for the interim period ended July 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period or the entire fiscal year. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2020, which are contained in the Form 10-K. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position as of July 31, 2021 and the results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for the interim periods ended July 31, 2021 and 2020. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company uses the US dollar as the reporting currency for financial reporting. The financial position and results of operations of the Company's UK-based operations are measured using the British Pound Sterling, and Danish based operations are measured using the Danish Kroner as the functional currencies. Foreign currency translation gains and losses are recorded as a change in other comprehensive income. Transaction gains and losses generated from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our foreign operations are also included in other comprehensive income.

NOTE 2 - REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board's Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ('Topic 606').

Topic 606 has established a five-step process to determine the amount of revenue to record from contracts with customers. The five steps are:

● Determine if we have a contract with a customer;
● Determine the performance obligations in that contract;
● Determine the transaction price;
● Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
● Determine when to recognize revenue.
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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 2 - REVENUE RECOGNITION (Continued)

We have two distinct business operations ('Marine Technology Business' and 'Engineering Business'). The Marine Technology Business revenues are earned under formal contracts with our customers and are derived from both sales and rental of underwater technologies and equipment for real time 3D imaging, mapping, defense and survey applications and from the Engineering Business which provide engineering services primarily to prime defense contractors. Our contracts do not include the possibility for additional contingent consideration so that our determination of the contract price does not involve having to consider potential additional variable consideration. Our sales do not include a right of return by the customer.

With regard to our Marine Technology Business, all of its products are sold on a stand-alone basis and those market prices are evidence of the value of the products. To the extent that we also provide services (e.g., installation, training, post-sales technical support etc.), those services are either included as part of the product or are subject to written contracts based on the stand-alone value of those services. Revenue from the sale of services is recognized when those services have been provided to the customer and evidence of the provision of those services exist.

Revenue derived from either our subscription package offerings or rental of our equipment is recognized when performance obligations are met, in particular, on a daily basis during the subscription or rental period.

For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, we recognize product revenue by allocating the transaction revenue to each performance obligation based on the relative fair value of each deliverable and recognize revenue when performance obligations are met including when equipment is delivered, and for rental of equipment, when installation and other services are performed.

Our contracts sometimes require customer payments in advance of revenue recognition. In such instances these advance payments are recognized as revenue when the Company has fulfilled its obligations under the respective contracts. Until such time, we recognize these prepayments as deferred revenue.

For software license sales for which any services rendered are not considered distinct to the functionality of the software, we recognize revenue upon delivery of the software. Delivery is deemed when we issue the software activation code.

With respect to revenues related to our Services Business, there are contracts in place that specify the fixed hourly rate and other reimbursable costs to be billed based on material and direct labor hours incurred. Revenue is recognized on these contracts based on material and the direct labor hours incurred. Revenues from fixed-price contracts are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the percentage of costs incurred (materials and direct labor hours) to date to estimated total services (materials and direct labor hours) for each contract. This method is used as we consider expenditures for direct materials and labor hours to be the best available measure of progress on these contracts.

On a quarterly basis, we examine all of our fixed-price contracts to determine if there are any losses to be recognized during the period. Any such loss is recorded in the quarter in which the loss first becomes apparent based upon costs incurred to date and the estimated costs to complete as determined by experience from similar contracts. Variations from estimated contract performance could result in adjustments to operating results.

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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 2 - REVENUE RECOGNITION (Continued)

Recoverability of Deferred Costs

In accordance with Topic 606, we defer costs on projects for service revenue. Deferred costs consist primarily of incremental direct costs to customize and install systems, as defined in individual customer contracts, including costs to acquire hardware and software from third parties and payroll costs for our employees and other third parties. The pricing of these service contracts is intended to provide for the recovery of these types of deferred costs over the life of the contract.

We recognize such costs in accordance with our revenue recognition policy by contract. For revenue recognized under the percentage of completion method, costs are recognized as products are delivered or services are provided in accordance with the percentage of completion calculation. For revenue recognized over time, costs are recognized ratably over the term of the contract, commencing on the date of revenue recognition. At each quarterly balance sheet date, we review deferred costs, to ensure they are ultimately recoverable.

Any anticipated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized when evidence indicates the estimated total cost of a contract exceeds its estimated total revenue.

Deferred Commissions

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consists of sales commissions are deferred and amortized over the period of the contract performance. We classify deferred commissions as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. The current and noncurrent portions of deferred commissions are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other assets, net, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets. As of July 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, we had deferred commissions of $0and $3,884, respectively. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions was $3,884and $98,702in the nine months ended July 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Other Revenue Disclosures

See Note 15 - ('Segment Analysis') for a breakdown of revenues from external customers and cost of those revenues between our two reporting segments: Product Segment and Services Segment including information on the split of revenues by geography and type.

NOTE 3 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company's financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and notes payable. The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The aggregate carrying amount of the notes payable approximates fair value as they bear interest at a market interest rate based on their term and maturity.

The fair value of the Company's long-term debt approximates its carrying amount based on the fact that the Company believes it could obtain similar terms and conditions for similar debt.

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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 4 - FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

Assets and liabilities are translated at the prevailing exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. Related revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. Stockholders' equity, fixed assets and long-term investments are recorded at historical exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component in stockholders' equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income or (loss) as may be appropriate. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

NOTE 5 - INVENTORY

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (weighted average method) or net realizable value. Inventory consisted of the following components:

July 31, October 31,
2021 2020
Raw materials and parts $ 8,559,182 $ 7,322,688
Work in progress 674,166 698,756
Finished goods 1,597,470 1,120,829
Total Inventory $ 10,830,818 $ 9,142,273
NOTE 6 - FIXED ASSETS

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of:

July 31, October 31,
2021 2020
Buildings $ 5,354,405 $ 5,103,324
Land 200,000 200,000
Office machinery and equipment 1,631,936 1,512,938
Rental assets 2,151,798 2,062,818
Furniture, fixtures and improvements 1,240,315 1,187,927
Totals 10,578,454 10,067,007
Less: accumulated depreciation (4,545,847 ) (4,007,107 )
Total Property and Equipment, net $ 6,032,607 $ 6,059,900
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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 7 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Other current assets consisted of the following at:

July 31, October 31,
2021 2020
Deposits $ 86,303 $ 112,984
Tax receivables 469,909 131,187
Total Other Current Assets $ 556,212 $ 244,171
NOTE 8 - ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ('US GAAP') requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues including unbilled and deferred revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings, valuation of stock compensation, valuation of deferred tax assets, evaluation of uncertain tax positions, and the valuation of goodwill and other intangibles.

NOTE 9 - CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts represent accumulated project expenses and fees which have not been invoiced to customers as of the date of the balance sheet. These amounts are stated on the consolidated balance sheets as Unbilled Receivables of $1,167,561and $861,300as of July 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, respectively.

Our current Deferred Revenue of $1,520,871and $1,006,454as of July 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, respectively, consists of billings in excess of costs and revenues received as part of our warranty and Through Life Support (TLS) obligations upon completing a sale, as elaborated further in the last paragraph of this note.Revenue received as part of sales of equipment includes a provision for warranty, extended warranty sales and TLS and is treated as deferred revenue. These amounts are amortized over the relevant warranty period (12 months is our standard warranty or 24, 36 or 60 months for extended warranty or TLS) from the date of sale. These amounts are stated on the consolidated balance sheets as a component of non-current Deferred Revenue and were $181,248and $195,022as of July 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, respectively.
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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 10 - CONCENTRATIONS

Significant Customers

During the three months ended July 31, 2021, the Company had two customers from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenues from these customers were $1,474,464, or 25% of net revenues during the three month period. During the three months ended July 31, 2020, the Company had two customers from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenues from these customers were $2,064,274, or 38% of net revenues during the three month period.During the nine months ended July 31, 2021, the Company had one customer from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenues from this customer were $1,588,172, or 10% of net revenues during the nine month period.

During the nine months ended July 31, 2020, the Company had one customer from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenues from this customer was $3,735,550, or 24% of net revenues during the nine month period.

NOTE 11 - NOTE PAYABLE
July 31, October 31,
2021 2020
Secured note payable to HSBC NA with interest payable on the 28th day of each month at4.56% per annum. Our monthly repayment obligation under this loan is $43,777(comprising both principal and interest repayment). The maturity of this Loan is December 28, 2021. $ 193,345 $ 573,108
Total 193,345 573,108
Less: current portion (193,345 ) (509,769 )
Total Long Term Note Payable $ - $ 63,339

The HSBC loan is secured by a blanket lien on all of the Company's US subsidiaries. The foreign subsidiaries are each guarantors of the obligations undertaken in the loan agreement.

During the nine months ended July 31, 2021, the Company received $648,872under the Payroll Protection Program ('Second Round PPP'), which was initially recorded as long-term debt. The proceeds from the Second Round PPP were used for payroll expenses. The Company has therefore reduced long-term debt and recorded as Other Income, the total amount of the loans received under the Second Round PPP. The loans received under the Second Round PPP were forgiven on June 14 and 22, 2021 under the applicable SBA rules.

In April and May 2020, our US companies, received $648,872under the US Government Payroll Protection Program ('First Round PPP'). The proceeds from the First Round PPP were used for payroll expenses. The amount received under the First Round PPP has now been forgiven under the Program and is recorded in our Q4 2020 financial statements as 'Other Income.'

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CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 11 - NOTE PAYABLE (Continued)

The Company entered into a $4,000,000revolving line of credit facility with HSBC NA on November 27, 2019, with the interest rate established as the applicable prime rate. The outstanding balance on the line of credit was $0as of July 31, 2021. This revolving credit line which is subject to renewal expires on November 26, 2021.NOTE 12 - RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

There have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective that have significance, or potential significance, to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTE 13 - EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Three Months Three Months Nine Months Nine Months
Ended Ended Ended Ended
July 31, July 31, July 31, July 31,
Fiscal Period 2021 2020 2021 2020
Numerator:
Net Income (Loss) $ 1,521,086 $ 1,022,753 $ 4,857,863 $ 2,104,446
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 10,830,183 10,739,354 10,786,107 10,727,705
Unused portion of options and restricted stock awards 512,501 552,000 512,501 552,000
Diluted outstanding shares 11,342,684 11,291,354 11,298,608 11,279,705
Net income (Loss) per share
Basic $ 0.14 $ 0.10 $ 0.45 $ 0.20
Diluted $ 0.13 $ 0.09 $ 0.43 $ 0.19
NOTE 14 - 2017 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN

On December 6, 2017, the Board of Directors adopted the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the 'Plan') with 913,612shares of Common Stock available under the Plan for issuance. This Plan was approved by Stockholders at its meeting held on or around July 24, 2018.

During the nine months ended July 31, 2020, the Company granted to various eligible individuals options to purchase an aggregate of 555,000shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Plan. During the nine months ended July 31, 2020, 3,000options lapsed. As of July 31, 2020, there were 322,255shares available for future issue under the Plan. The total stock compensation expense during the nine months ended July 31, 2020, was $432,965.

During the nine months ended July 31, 2021, the Company granted to various eligible individuals Restricted Stock Awards to purchase an aggregate of 127,500shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Plan. During the nine months ended July 31, 2021 we had 8,000options lapsing. As of July 31, 2021, 80,314shares of common stock were issued pursuant the exercise of 169,332options. 13,333options vested in March 2021 but remains unexercised as of July 31, 2021. As of July 31, 2021, there were 288,773shares of common stock available for future issue under the Plan. The total stock compensation expense during the nine months ended July 31, 2021, was $761,233.
15

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 15 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS

Based on the fundamental difference between the types of our offerings products versus services, we operate twodistinct reportable segments which are managed separately. Coda Octopus Products ('Marine Technology Business' or 'Products Segment') operations are comprised primarily of sale of underwater technology sonar solutions, products for underwater operations including hardware and software; and rental of solutions and products to the underwater market along with associated support services. Coda Octopus Martech and Coda Octopus Colmek ('Marine Engineering Business' or 'Services Segment') provides engineering services primarily as sub-contractors to prime defense contractors.

Segment operating income is total segment revenue reduced by operating expenses identifiable with the business segment. Corporate includes general corporate administrative costs ('Overhead').

The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based upon segment operating income. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of accounting policies.

There are inter-segment sales disclosed in the tables below for informational purposes, but which have been eliminated in our financial statements.

The following table summarizes segment asset and operating balances by reportable segment as of and for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company's reportable business segments sell their goods and services in four geographic locations:

● Americas
● Europe
● Australia/Asia
● Middle East/Africa
16

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 15 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Marine Technology Business (Products) Marine Engineering Business (Services) Overhead Total
Three Months Ended July 31, 2021
Revenues from External Customers $ 3,845,051 $ 1,982,324 $ - $ 5,827,375
Cost of Revenues 545,243 1,069,723 - 1,614,966
Gross Profit 3,299,808 912,601 - 4,212,409
Research & Development 540,553 135,213 - 675,766
Selling, General & Administrative 860,539 616,378 728,313 2,205,230
Total Operating Expenses 1,401,092 751,591 728,313 2,880,996
Income (Loss) from Operations 1,898,716 161,010 (728,313 ) 1,331,413
Other Income (Expense)
Other Income 3,554 17 - 3,571
Funding from Paycheck Protection Program - - - -
Interest Expense (2,718 ) (5,863 ) (6,155 ) (14,736 )
Total Other Income (Expense) 836 (5,846 ) (6,155 ) (11,165 )
Income (Loss) before Income Taxes 1,899,552 155,164 (734,468 ) 1,320,248
Income Tax (Expense) Benefit
Current Tax Benefit 157,333 260,996 - 418,329
Deferred Tax (Expense) Benefit (338,098 ) 108,141 12,466 (217,491 )
Total Income Tax (Expense) Benefit (180,765 ) 369,137 12,466 200,838
Net Income (Loss) $ 1,718,787 $ 524,301 $ (722,002 ) $ 1,521,086
Supplemental Disclosures
Total Assets $ 28,820,472 $ 14,608,555 $ 934,192 $ 44,363,219
Total Liabilities $ 2,159,921 $ 844,816 $ 379,474 $ 3,384,211
Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales above $ 492,579 $ 44,372 $ 675,000 $ 1,211,951
Depreciation and Amortization $ 195,103 $ 24,590 $ 7,952 $ 227,645
Purchases of Long-lived Assets $ 201,198 $ 7,655 $ 30,584 $ 239,437
17

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 15 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Marine Technology Business (Products) Marine Engineering Business (Services) Overhead Total
Three Months Ended July 31, 2020
Revenues from External Customers $ 3,053,070 $ 2,342,966 $ - $ 5,396,036
Cost of Revenues 653,117 1,123,751 - 1,776,868
Gross Profit 2,399,953 1,219,215 - 3,619,168
Research & Development 394,332 352,625 25,684 772,641
Selling, General & Administrative 496,772 515,547 513,150 1,525,469
Total Operating Expenses 891,104 868,172 538,834 2,298,110
Income (Loss) from Operations 1,508,849 351,043 (538,834 ) 1,321,058
Other Income (Expense)
Other Income 3,745 126 - 3,871
Interest Expense (1,718 ) (4,672 ) (10,190 ) (16,580 )
Total Other Income (Expense) 2,027 (4,546 ) (10,190 ) (12,709 )
Income (Loss) before Income Taxes 1,510,876 346,497 (549,024 ) 1,308,349
Income Tax (Expense) Benefit
Current Tax (Expense) Benefit 5,532 - (3,948 ) 1,584
Deferred Tax (Expense) Benefit (236,356 ) 15,155 (65,979 ) (287,180 )
Total Income Tax (Expense) Benefit (230,824 ) 15,155 (69,927 ) (285,596 )
Net Income (Loss) $ 1,280,052 $ 361,652 $ (618,951 ) $ 1,022,753
Supplemental Disclosures
Total Assets $ 22,149,613 $ 14,439,917 $ 678,515 $ 37,268,045
Total Liabilities $ 1,737,007 $ 1,392,816 $ 767,393 $ 3,897,216
Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales above $ 498,312 $ 8,976 $ 1,350,000 $ 1,857,288
Depreciation and Amortization $ 261,975 $ 43,263 $ 4,677 $ 309,915
Purchases of Long-lived Assets $ 317,892 $ 23,288 $ - $ 341,180
18

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 15 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Marine Technology Business (Products) Marine Engineering Business (Services) Overhead Total
Nine Months Ended July 31, 2021
Revenues from External Customers $ 11,777,739 $ 4,473,171 $ - $ 16,250,910
Cost of Revenues 2,462,219 2,511,756 - 4,973,975
Gross Profit 9,315,520 1,961,415 - 11,276,935
Research & Development 1,521,175 383,011 - 1,904,186
Selling, General & Administrative 2,394,986 1,736,004 1,667,607 5,798,597
Total Operating Expenses 3,916,161 2,119,015 1,667,607 7,702,783
Income (Loss) from Operations 5,399,359 (157,600 ) (1,667,607 ) 3,574,152
Other Income (Expense)
Other Income 74,173 51 846 75,070
Funding from Paycheck Protection Program 122,327 526,545 - 648,872
Interest Expense (8,489 ) (15,558 ) (18,844 ) (42,891 )
Total Other Income (Expense) 188,011 511,038 (17,998 ) 681,051
Income (Loss) before Income Taxes 5,587,370 353,438 (1,685,605 ) 4,255,203
Income Tax (Expense) Benefit
Current Tax Benefit (Expense) 254,745 498,666 (394 ) 753,017
Deferred Tax (Expense) Benefit (356,164 ) 264,636 (58,829 ) (150,357 )
Total Income Tax (Expense) Benefit (101,419 ) 763,302 (59,223 ) 602,660
Net Income (Loss) $ 5,485,951 $ 1,116,740 $ (1,744,828 ) $ 4,857,863
Supplemental Disclosures
Total Assets $ 28,820,472 $ 14,608,555 $ 934,192 $ 44,363,219
Total Liabilities $ 2,159,921 $ 844,816 $ 379,474 $ 3,384,211
Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales above $ 1,367,619 $ 184,016 $ 2,025,000 $ 3,576,635
Depreciation and Amortization $ 707,761 $ 98,671 $ 21,077 $ 827,509
Purchases of Long-lived Assets $ 745,405 $ 13,203 $ 80,018 $ 838,626
19

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 15 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Marine Technology Business (Products) Marine Engineering Business (Services) Overhead Total
Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Revenues from External Customers $ 8,377,081 $ 6,989,152 $ - $ 15,366,233
Cost of Revenues 1,715,647 3,831,564 - 5,547,211
Gross Profit 6,661,434 3,157,588 - 9,819,022
Research & Development 1,393,757 830,008 190,782 2,414,547
Selling, General & Administrative 2,056,947 1,678,882 1,214,528 4,950,357
Total Operating Expenses 3,450,704 2,508,890 1,405,310 7,364,904
Income (Loss) from Operations 3,210,730 648,698 (1,405,310 ) 2,454,118
Other Income (Expense)
Other Income 16,242 142 - 16,384
Interest (Expense) (7,345 ) (12,313 ) (34,992 ) (54,650 )
Total Other Income (Expense) 8,897 (12,171 ) (34,992 ) (38,266 )
Income (Loss) before Income Taxes 3,219,627 636,527 (1,440,302 ) 2,415,852
Income Tax (Expense) Benefit
Current Tax (Expense) Benefit 24,968 - (11,905 ) 13,063
Deferred Tax (Expense) Benefit (315,849 ) 145,713 (154,333 ) (324,469 )
Total Income Tax (Expense) Benefit (290,881 ) 145,713 (166,238 ) (311,406 )
Net Income (Loss) $ 2,928,746 $ 782,240 $ (1,606,540 ) $ 2,104,446
Supplemental Disclosures
Total Assets $ 22,149,613 $ 14,439,917 $ 678,515 $ 37,268,045
Total Liabilities $ 1,737,007 $ 1,392,816 $ 767,393 $ 3,897,216
Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales above $ 801,134 $ 109,505 $ 2,025,000 $ 2,935,639
Depreciation and Amortization $ 539,567 $ 89,688 $ 14,080 $ 643,335
Purchases of Long-lived Assets $ 758,619 $ 24,440 $ 49,615 $ 832,674
20

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 15 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2021
Marine Marine
Technology Engineering Grand
Business Business Total
Americas $ 962,043 $ 589,560 $ 1,551,603
Europe 1,649,281 1,392,764 3,042,045
Australia/Asia 971,563 - 971,563
Middle East/Africa 262,164 - 262,164
3,845,051 1,982,324 $ 5,827,375
Equipment Sales $ 2,151,520 $ 782,255 $ 2,933,775
Equipment Rentals 713,389 - 713,389
Software Sales 153,150 - 153,150
Engineering Parts - 1,093,176 1,093,176
Services 826,992 106,893 933,885
3,845,051 1,982,324 $ 5,827,375
Goods transferred at a point in time $ 2,298,962 $ 670,255 $ 2,969,217
Services transferred over time 1,546,089 1,312,069 2,858,158
$ 3,845,051 1,982,324 $ 5,827,375
21

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 15 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2020
Marine Marine
Technology Engineering Grand
Business Business Total
Americas $ 1,071,893 $ 1,753,662 $ 2,825,555
Europe 240,127 589,304 829,431
Australia/Asia 1,718,644 - 1,718,644
Middle East/Africa 22,406 - 22,406
$ 3,053,070 $ 2,342,966 $ 5,396,036
Equipment Sales $ 2,058,166 $ 160,537 $ 2,218,703
Equipment Rentals 119,100 - 119,100
Software Sales 90,540 - 90,540
Engineering Parts - 1,895,509 1,895,509
Services 785,264 286,920 1,072,184
$ 3,053,070 $ 2,342,966 $ 5,396,036
Goods transferred at a point in time $ 2,148,706 $ 160,537 $ 2,309,243
Services transferred over time 904,364 2,182,429 3,086,793
$ 3,053,070 $ 2,342,966 $ 5,396,036
22

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 15 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2021
Marine Marine
Technology Engineering Grand
Business Business Total
Americas $ 2,425,850 $ 1,703,464 $ 4,129,314
Europe 4,440,036 2,769,707 7,209,743
Australia/Asia 4,466,796 - 4,466,796
Middle East/Africa 445,057 - 445,057
11,777,739 4,473,171 $ 16,250,910
Equipment Sales $ 8,035,469 $ 1,096,718 $ 9,132,187
Equipment Rentals 1,645,942 - 1,645,942
Software Sales 599,425 - 599,425
Engineering Parts 213,956 2,727,892 2,941,848
Services 1,282,947 648,561 1,931,508
11,777,739 4,473,171 $ 16,250,910
Goods transferred at a point in time $ 8,666,514 $ 984,717 $ 9,651,231
Services transferred over time 3,111,225 3,488,454 6,599,679
$ 11,777,739 $ 4,473,171 $ 16,250,910
23

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 15 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Marine Marine
Technology Engineering Grand
Business Business Total
Americas $ 2,126,863 $ 4,899,676 $ 7,026,539
Europe 1,379,134 2,089,476 3,468,610
Australia/Asia 4,760,390 - 4,760,390
Middle East/Africa 110,694 - 110,694
$ 8,377,081 $ 6,989,152 $ 15,366,233
Equipment Sales $ 5,241,537 $ 160,537 $ 5,402,074
Equipment Rentals 947,664 - 947,664
Software Sales 358,467 - 358,467
Engineering Parts - 5,883,872 5,883,872
Services 1,829,413 944,743 2,774,156
$ 8,377,081 $ 6,989,152 $ 15,366,233
Goods transferred at a point in time $ 5,467,995 $ 160,537 $ 5,628,532
Services transferred over time 2,909,086 6,828,615 9,737,701
$ 8,377,081 $ 6,989,152 $ 15,366,233
24

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 16 - PAYROLL PROTECTION PROGRAMIn the nine months ended July 31, 2021, two of our US companies, received $648,872under the second round of the US Government Payroll Protection Program ('Second Round PPP') for payroll assistance during the Pandemic. The proceeds from the Second Round PPP have been used to pay US employees' salaries during this period. In the nine months ended July 31, 2021 the Company utilized all of the $648,872 of the Second Round PPP to maintain payroll expense. The loans were forgiven on June 14 and 22, 2021.This amount is recorded in our accounts as 'Other Income'.In the 2020 FY our US companies received $648,872under the US Government Payroll Protection Program ('First Round PPP'). The proceeds from the First Round PPP were used to maintain payroll expenses. The companies received their First Round PPP loans in April and May of 2020. The amount received under the First Round PPP has now been forgiven under the Program. This amount is recorded in our financial statements of 2020FY as 'Other Income.'NOTE 17 - COVID-19

The Company faces various risks related to the global outbreak of coronavirus disease ('COVID-19').

The Engineering Services Business is dependent on its workforce to deliver its products and services primarily to the US and U.K. Governments. If significant portions of the Engineering Services Business's workforce are unable to work effectively, or if the US or U.K. Government and/or other customers' operations are curtailed due to illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures, or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Engineering Services Business's operations is likely to be severely impacted. The Engineering Services Business may be unable to perform fully on its contracts and costs may increase as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. These cost increases may not be fully recoverable either from our customers or under existing insurance policies. At this time, the Company's management cannot predict with any precision the full extent of the impact which COVID-19 Pandemic will have on the Company, but management continues to mitigate where it can and monitor the situation, to assess further possible implications to operations, the supply chain, and customers, and to take actions in an effort to mitigate adverse consequences. Further, the Pandemic may impact the Company's results of operations and constrain the opportunity to grow its business operations in the near term.

The Marine Technology Business is dependent on its workforce and/or distributors/resellers to sell and deliver its products and services. Developments such as social distancing, shelter -in- place directives and travel restrictions introduced by governments have impacted the Marine Products Business's ability to deploy its workforce effectively. These same developments may affect the operations of the Company's suppliers, customers and distributors/resellers, as their own workforces and operations are disrupted by efforts to curtail the spread of this virus. The uncertainty relating to the trajectory of the Pandemic, in particular the evolving strains of the virus and the associated response of various Governments in the places which we operate will affect the pace at which the Company's financial performance improves.

25

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 18 - INCOME TAXESThe Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 was (15.2%) and 19.1%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2021, as compared to July 31, 2020 resulted from the US companies having a taxable loss for the three months ended July 31, 2021 compared to a taxable income for the three months ended July 31, 2020. We also recorded $184,519related Employee Retention Credits, which reduced the current income tax expense for the three months ended July 31, 2021.The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 was (14.2%) and 12.9%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2021, as compared to July 31, 2020 resulted from the US companies having a taxable loss for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 compared to a taxable income for the nine months ended July 31, 2021. We also recorded $496,485related to Employee Retention Credits, which reduced the current income tax expense for the nine months ended July 31, 2021.

As of July 31, 2021, we had US federal net operating losses carryforwards of $1,376,727, which expire in 2029.

NOTE 19- RECLASSIFICATION OF PRIOR YEAR PRESENTATION

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported consolidated financial statements. An adjustment has been made to the disclosures of the composition of property and equipment.

26

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

The information herein contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact made herein are forward looking. In particular, the statements herein regarding industry prospects and future results of operations or financial position are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as 'believes,' 'estimates,' 'could,' 'possibly,' 'probably,' 'anticipates,' 'projects,' 'expects,' 'may,' 'will,' or 'should' or other variations or similar words. No assurances can be given that the future results anticipated by the forward-looking statements will be achieved. Forward-looking statements reflect management's current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Our actual results may differ significantly from management's expectations.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements, included herewith and the audited financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2021. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future. Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.

General Overview

In the Management's Discussion and Analysis (MDA) section, the terminologies referenced below are used throughout the MDA section and have the following meanings:

'Current Quarter' Three-month period ended July 31, 2021
'Previous Quarter' Three-month period ended July 31, 2020
'Current Nine Month Period' The Nine-month period ended July 31, 2021
'Previous Nine Month Period' The Nine-month period ended July 31, 2020

We operate two distinct business operations which are:

● the Marine Technology Business (also referred to in this Form 10-Q as 'Products Business', 'Products Operations' or 'Products Segment'); and
● the Marine Engineering Business (also referred to in this Form 10-Q as 'Engineering Business', 'Engineering Operations', 'Services Business' or 'Services Segment').

Our Marine Technology Business designs, manufactures and sells and/or rents underwater solutions, products and services to the underwater commercial and defense markets. Our product offerings comprise hardware, software and services which extend to customization of our technology for customers specific purposes and onsite training and mobilization assistance. The Products Business has operations in the USA, UK and Denmark. The most significant technology in the Products Business' portfolio is its real time volumetric sonar technology which has unique capabilities for both the commercial and defense underwater imaging sonar markets. To our knowledge this is the only sonar in the world with these capabilities. There are several patents around this technology covering various methods. We have also filed multiple patents concerning our next generation of sonar technology (Echoscope PIPE®). We believe that Echoscope PIPE® is the only technology capable of generating and displaying in real time multiple 4D images of underwater targets. The Products Business generates most of its revenues from its real time volumetric sonar which includes both hardware and proprietary software. Our products are used primarily in the underwater construction market, offshore oil and gas, offshore wind energy industry, complex dredging, port security, search and rescue, salvaging, defense, shallow water and deep-water mining, diving and marine sciences sectors. Our customers include service providers to major oil and gas companies, renewable energy companies, law enforcement agencies, ports, mining companies, defense bodies, research institutes and universities. Increasingly we are performing development work around our technology for US defense bodies. This includes the recent development of a close in visualization real time 3D sonar, specifically for a US defense customer which we delivered in May 2021. This device is currently going through Customer Acceptance Testing. If successful, it will be integrated in new surface vessels, which has the potential to involve multiple sales over the life of the program.

Our Services Business acts primarily as a sub-contractor to prime defense contractors. This Business engineers, sub-assemblies which are utilized in broader defense programs. The Services Business has operations in the USA and UK. Its central business model is the design and manufacture of sub-assemblies for utilization into larger defense mission critical integrated systems ('MCIS'). An example of such MCIS is the US Close-In-Weapons Support (CIWS) Program for the Phalanx radar-guided cannon used on combat ships. These proprietary sub-assemblies, once approved within the MCIS program, afford the Services Business the status of preferred supplier for these items. Such status permits it to supply these sub-assemblies and upgrades in the event of obsolescence or advancement of technology for the life of the MCIS program. Clients include prime defense contractors such as Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, Thales Underwater and BAE systems. This Business generally creates the initial design and prototyping of the first sub-assembly item and once adopted within the designated program, secures ongoing manufacturing contract for the said sub-assembly.

Both the Marine Technology Business and Marine Engineering Business have established synergies in terms of customers and specialized engineering skill sets (hardware, firmware and software) encompassing capturing, computing, processing and displaying data in harsh environments. Both businesses jointly bid for development and engineering projects for which their common joint skills provide competitive advantage.

27

Factors Affecting our Business

The following is a short description of some of the factors that affect our business. For a more detailed discussion of these and additional factors, refer to the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020 which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2021 and which incorporated by reference herein.

United Kingdom's Withdrawal from the European Union (widely referred to as 'Brexit')

The United Kingdom ('UK') withdrew from the European Union ('EU') on December 31, 2020. This has resulted in the removal of previous existing rights concerning the freedom of movement of goods, persons, capital and services between the UK and the EU member states. The removal of these rights may reduce the demand for our goods and services in the European Union which is a major market for our products and services.

Although in the areas of our operation we believe that under the new trade agreement between the UK and EU, there are no trade tariffs or quotas applicable to our products or services, we nevertheless believe that our business is likely to be adversely affected by the withdrawal from the EU by the UK. The withdrawal took effect January 1, 2021 and therefore the full impact of this change in the status of the relationship between the UK and EU, is still not fully understood. However, some of the immediate areas that have impacted us since withdrawal include:

● New restrictions which prevent our engineers from working freely in EU member countries. Our business relies on our field engineers going to our customers' sites and assisting with training and mobilizing of our solutions. Under the new arrangement between the EU and UK, our engineers will now need a work permit for EU member countries. However, we are unable to assess the true impact of these new requirements for our engineers since there is uncertainty as to the new procedures further compounded by the border restrictions in EU member countries currently due to the Pandemic.
● Since the withdrawal in December 2020, there has been wide-scale disruption in shipments between the UK and EU member countries with the introduction of significant customs checks or declarations. This has resulted in significant customs procedures to comply with causing increased costs and delays. Increasingly our European customers are requesting for our products to come from within the European Union as a condition of hiring the equipment. If we are unable to address this in the near future, this will affect the demand for our products in European Union member states. This means that our Danish subsidiary will become increasingly important to the Products Business operations. It also means an increase in the cost of our operations associated with managing a subsidiary in Denmark.
● There is an acute shortage of engineering skills (both hardware and software) affecting both the Marine Technology Business and the Services Business. This has been further exacerbated by the withdrawal from the EU. The UK Government recently reported that in July 31, 2021 there were in excess of one million unfilled vacancies in the UK and that wages had increased by 8% compared to the same period last year. The inability to recruit staff from EU member state countries in specialized areas such as engineering and software development is having a significant impact on our business and adversely impacts on our ability to advance our technology at a commercially viable pace.
● The EU member states have harmonized their approach including movement between borders during the Pandemic. With the UK outside of the EU, it follows different Pandemic management rules. This impacts our business ability to travel to EU member states to support our customers and therefore impacts on the demand for our goods and, particularly our support services, such as field installation and training.

We have taken steps to mitigate some of its impact of the UK leaving the European Union by establishing a Danish based subsidiary, Coda Octopus Products A/S, to maintain a presence in the European Union. We intend to run a large part of our rental business from this office. We can give no assurance that this in itself will be sufficient to reduce the impact of the change in the UK access to the European Union single market.

28

Impact of the Coronavirus outbreak ('Pandemic')

General Impact

All our operations continue to be affected by the Pandemic. In broad terms, our operations are acutely impacted by the ongoing reduction in staffing due to applicable quarantine rules and travel restrictions. A significant part of our goods and services are sold to customers in Asia. Due to travel restrictions, since February 2020 we have not been able to travel to support our customers projects or promote our goods and services.

Government Policies on the Pandemic

Our operations are based in a number of countries, with each country establishing different pandemic management related rules. This has generally resulted in a much less predictable working environment for planning and delivering customer projects along with increased project cost.

The ongoing Pandemic crisis has a number of adverse implications for our business:

● Decrease in productivity which affects profitability of our projects.
● Project over runs with associated increase costs.
● A high percentage of staff may be required to quarantine for extended and recurring periods with all the associated implications such as increased costs and delays in finalizing projects. In the UK currently, it is widely reported in the news media, that the National Health Service (NHS) track and trace system is 'pinging up to 100,000 people per day to quarantine - referred to as 'Pingdemic') and this is having a debilitating effect on business ability to operate.
● Higher staff costs due to increased sick pay allowance which varies according to the country where the business operations are located combined with lower productivity.
● While the number of units of rental of equipment has increased in the Current Quarter, ancillary support services (such as training or mobilization assistance) has reduced significantly. This reduces our rental income. Moreover, our products are complex and without such support, this could impact the customer's experience thus jeopardizing long term relationships with such customers.
● The business activities which we can pursue are still very limited and this is an industry-wide problem.
●

Higher costs associated with sending our engineers on customer projects due to requirements for both testing and quarantining upon arrival at the destination.

Impact on Revenues and Earnings

Increasingly governments Pandemic response strategies are fluid with the evolving new strains of the virus. Until the business environment normalizes, we are uncertain as to the extent of the impact the Pandemic will have on our future financial results. In the Current Quarter both the Marine Technology Business and our Engineering Business have been adversely impacted by the constraints caused by the Pandemic causing, among other things, increasing costs of operations, reduction in the demand for our goods and services or postponement of projects.

Impact on Liquidity, Balance Sheet and Assets

Failure to curb the Pandemic in the near future, may adversely impact on our availability of free cash flow, working capital and business prospects. As of July 31, 2021, we had cash of approximately $19.2 million and for the nine months ended July 31, 2021, we generated approximately $3.6 million of cash from operations. Since the beginning of the Pandemic in March 2020, the level of cash generated from our operations has declined. However, based on our outstanding obligations including loans and notes payable ('Instruments'), terms of these Instruments and our cash balances, we believe we have sufficient working capital to effectively continue our business operations for the foreseeable future.

Supply Chain Disruption

Due to the exceptionally high demand in the semi-conductor market, we are experiencing extreme lead times for components which are necessary for the manufacture and service of our products. We are also seeing significant increases in price for these and other routine components. Both the extended lead time, in some instances 40 weeks lead time is being quoted by suppliers, and the price increase may affect our ability to meet customer requirements and make the prices of our products uncompetitive. The Products Business may reasonably endeavor to reduce the impact of the extended lead times by priming its supply chain as far as possible. However, the impact on the Engineering Business is more severe and could grind their operations to a halt, since this part of our business does not know what parts or components are required until their customers place an order for bespoke engineering work. We therefore have a high risk that our Engineering Business' may be severely impacted by the shortages that we are currently experiencing in the market.

Supplying Products without Training

The underwater imaging products which we supply are complex. Customers benefit from our on-site training program as part of the adoption of the technology. Our customers for our products are globally based. Since February 2020, we have not been able to provide hands-on field support to our customers. Pre-pandemic we would typically supply equipment with engineering support for training and mobilization assistance and would run a number of customer training events. The Pandemic has rendered this impossible due to the various and varying restrictions applicable in the places where our customers reside. Our products are complex and without support, the risks increase for customers' dissatisfaction, thus jeopardizing the long- term relationship and the reputation of the products.

Critical Accounting Policies

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements that have been prepared under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ('GAAP'). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported values of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported levels of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Below is a discussion of accounting policies that we consider critical to an understanding of our financial condition and operating results and that may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters which are inherently uncertain. A discussion of our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2, 'Summary of Accounting Policies' of our Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended October 31, 2020.

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Revenue Recognition

Our revenues are earned under formal contracts with our customers and are derived from both sales and rental of underwater solutions for imaging, mapping, defense and survey applications and from the engineering services that we provide. Our contracts do not include the possibility for additional contingent consideration so that our determination of the contract price does not involve having to consider potential variable additional consideration. Our product sales do not include a right of return by the customer.

With regard to our Products Segment, all of our products are sold on a stand-alone basis and those market prices are evidence of the value of the products. To the extent that we also provide services (e.g., installation, training, etc.), those services are either included as part of the product or are subject to written contracts based on the stand-alone value of those services. Revenue from the sale of services is recognized when those services have been provided to the customer and evidence of the provision of those services exist.

For further discussion of our revenue recognition accounting policies, refer to Note 2 - 'Revenue Recognition' in these unaudited consolidated financial statements and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020.

Recoverability of Deferred Costs

We defer costs on projects for service revenue. Deferred costs consist primarily of direct and incremental costs to customize and install systems, as defined in individual customer contracts, including costs to acquire hardware and software from third parties and payroll costs for our employees and other third parties.

We recognize such costs on a contract by contract basis in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. For revenue recognized under the completed contract method, costs are deferred until the products are delivered, or upon completion of services or, where applicable, customer acceptance. For revenue recognized under the percentage of completion method, costs are recognized as products are delivered or services are provided in accordance with the percentage of completion calculation. For revenue recognized ratably over the term of the contract, costs are also recognized ratably over the term of the contract, commencing on the date of revenue recognition. At each balance sheet date, we review deferred costs, to ensure they are ultimately recoverable. Any anticipated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized when evidence indicates the estimated total cost of a contract exceeds its estimated total revenue.

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Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). Under ASC 740, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the income tax effects of differences between the bases of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their bases for income tax reporting. The Company's differences arise principally from the use of various accelerated and modified accelerated cost recovery system for income tax purposes versus straight line depreciation used for book purposes and from the utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the amounts by which the Company's future income taxes are expected to be impacted by these differences as they reverse. Deferred tax assets are based on differences that are expected to decrease future income taxes as they reverse. Correspondingly, deferred tax liabilities are based on differences that are expected to increase future income taxes as they reverse.

For income tax purposes, the Company uses the percentage of completion method of recognizing revenues on long-term contracts which is consistent with the Company's financial reporting under US generally accepted accounting principles.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist principally of the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired (or goodwill), customer relationships, non-compete agreements and licenses. Goodwill was allocated to our reporting units based on the original purchase price allocation. Goodwill is not amortized and is evaluated for impairment annually or more often if circumstances indicate impairment may exist. Customer relationships, non-compete agreements, patents and licenses are being amortized on a straight-line basis over periods of 2 to 15 years. The Company amortizes its limited lived intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. Annually, or sooner if there is indication of a loss in value, we evaluate the recoverability of intangible assets and consider events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists.

The first step of the goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, goodwill is reduced by the excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit over that reporting unit's fair value. Goodwill can never be reduced below zero, if any. At the end of each year, we evaluate goodwill on a separate reporting unit basis to assess recoverability, and impairments, if any, are recognized in earnings. An impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over the implied fair value of the goodwill. There were no impairment charges during the periods presented.

Summary of Consolidated Results of Operations

In the Current Quarter, we have seen less Pandemic-related restrictions on our business. The Products Business rental business activities increased significantly in the Current Quarter. In the Current Quarter we also paid materially less commission to agents on sale. This in turn increased Gross Profit Margins. The Products Business revenues increased by 25.5% over the Previous Quarter. The Services Business revenues (and therefore financial performance) declined during the Current Quarter. This is largely due to continued delay in received defense-related contracts which we anticipated.

We also had a Tax Benefit of $753,017 in the nine months ended July 31, 2021, which was due mainly to U.S. Employee Retention Credits of $496,485.

Segment Summary

Products Business

In the Current Quarter the Products Business generated 66.0% of our consolidated revenues compared to 56.6% in the Previous Quarter. In the Current Quarter revenues were $3,845,051 compared to $3,053,070 in the Previous Quarter, representing an increase of 25.9%. Gross Profit Margin increased by 9.9% and was 85.8% in the Current Quarter compared to 75.9% in the Previous Quarter. This increase in Gross Profit Margin in the Current Quarter is largely attributable to the significant increase in rentals during the Current Quarter coupled with a material reduction in Commissions paid to agents. Rental increased by 499% in the Current Quarter and was $713,389 compared to $119,100 in the Previous Quarter. In the Current Quarter Total Operating Expenses increased by 57.2%, reflecting normalization of our costs since in the Previous Quarter we had contributions to wages and salaries for UK staff under the Government's Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme. In the Current Quarter Net Income Before Taxes increased by 25.7% and was $1,899,552 compared to $1,510,876 in the Previous Quarter.

Services Business

In the Current Quarter the Services Business generated 34.0% of our consolidated revenues compared to 43.4% in the Previous Quarter. In the Current Quarter revenues of the Services Business declined by 15.4% and was $1,982,324 compared to $2,342,966 in the Previous Quarter. Gross Profit Margin decreased by 6.0 percentage points. Gross Profit Margin decreased in the Services Business largely due to the mix of engineering projects. Total Operating Expenses declined by 13.4%. The main reason for the decline in revenues is the delay in receiving anticipated backlog government related contracts. This is mainly due to the change in US Administration exacerbated by the ongoing Pandemic. Net income before taxes was $155,164 as compared to $346,497 in the Previous Quarter.

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Results of Operations for the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter

Revenue: Total consolidated revenues for the Current Quarter and the Previous Quarter were $5,827,375 and $5,396,036 respectively, representing an increase of 8.0%. The Products Business revenues increased from $3,053,070 in the Previous Quarter to $3,845,051 in the Current Quarter, representing an increase of 25.9%. This largely reflects the improvement in the business environment over the Previous Quarter which has seen an increase in the Product's Business rental activities and associated revenues from those activities coupled with a material reduction in Commissions paid to agents. In the Current Quarter, the Services Business revenues fell by 15.4% and was $1,982,324 compared to $2,342,966 in the Previous Quarter. This fall in the Services Business revenues is due to the significant delay in receiving anticipated defense contracts. This is largely a result of the change in US Administrations exacerbated by the Pandemic which has caused business activities to slow down.

Gross Profit Margins: Margin percentage was stronger in the Current Quarter at 72.3% (gross profit of $4,212,409) compared to 67.1% (gross profit of $3,619,168) in the Previous Quarter.

Gross Profit Margins may vary according to a number of factors. These include:

● The percentage of consolidated sales attributed to the Products Business. The Gross Profit Margin yielded by the Products Business is generally higher than that of the Services Business.
● The percentage of consolidated sales attributed to the Services Business. The Services Business yields a lower gross profit margin on generated sales which are largely based on time and materials contracts (except for its Thermite® products and our Fire Sprinkler® Products).
● The mix of sales within the Products Business:
● Outright sales versus rentals.
● Hardware related sales versus Software related sales.
● Extent of Offshore Engineering Support Services provided in the period.
● Extent of paid customer engineering work relating to customizing our technology for their purpose.
● Level of Commissions on sales (both the Services and Products businesses work with a global network of sales agents). Most sales from Asia attract commission as those are typically sales via our Agents/Distributors Network.
● Level of Assets in Rental Pool and cost of Sales associated with these Assets (and which are subject to depreciation).

Services Business

In the Current Quarter Gross Profit Margins for the Services Business were 46.0% compared to 52.0% in the Previous Quarter.

Products Business

In the Current Quarter Gross Profit Margins for the Products operations were 85.8% compared to 78.6% in the Previous Quarter. Gross Profit Margins increase in the Products Business due to increase in the unit of rentals made in the Current Quarter coupled with a material reduction in Commissions paid to agents compared to the Previous Period.

Since there are more variable factors affecting Gross Profit Margins in the Products Business, a table showing a summary of break-out of sales generated by the Products Business in the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter is set out below:

Current Quarter
Products 		Previous Quarter
Products

Percentage

Change

Equipment Sales $ 2,151,520 $ 2,058,166 Increase 4.5 %
Equipment Rentals 713,389 119,100 Increase 499.0 %
Software Sales 153,150 90,540 Increase 69.2 %
Engineering Parts - - -
Services 826,992 785,264 Increase 5.3 %
Total Net Sales $ 3,845,051 $ 3,053,070 Increase 25.9 %

Furthermore, in the Current Quarter we incurred Agents Commission expense of $61,600 compared to $185,100 in the Previous Quarter.

Further information on the performance of each Segment including revenues by product and geography in the Current Quarter can be found in Note 15 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Research and Development (R&D): Total consolidated Research and Development expenditures in the Current Quarter were $675,766 compared to $772,641, representing a reduction of 12.5%.

● Services Segment.

During the Current Quarter the Services Business R&D expenditures fell by 61.7%. These expenditures were $135,213 in the Current Quarter compared to $352,625 in the Previous Quarter. Research and Development expenditures are incurred by this business in relation to an incubator embedded systems division which it has established. This division is investing in the development of the next generation of the Thermite® range of mission computers for leveraging across our group of companies. Thermite® which has a prestigious customer base, is a ruggedized mission computer with a number of variants which are man worn, backpack worn and simultaneously integrated in the soldier's helmet and in defense system such as air-borne drones. The next generation of Thermite® (now the Thermite® Octal) is in trials with a number of customers and we would expect to start manufacturing these mission computers for sale when the trials are completed. These trials have been interrupted due to the Pandemic and are yet to restart. In the Current Quarter, R&D expenditures for this Segment decreased due to the Business taking steps to reduce spending in this area until it can restart field trials on the prototype variants it has fielded. Until the field trials are reinstated, our challenge is to lock in the new development requirements, and as such we have reduced our expenditures on Thermite®.

● Products Segment

R&D expenditures in the Products Business increased from $394,332 in the Previous Quarter to $540,553 in the Current Quarter, representing an increase of 37.1%. In the Previous Quarter R&D expenditures were particularly low as our activities were significantly reduced due to the Pandemic. R&D Expenditures in the Current Quarter include an exceptional item of expenditures of approximately $76,000 which represents a sub-contractor's costs for development of a new generation of an ASIC device for our sonar technology. We expect to expend $500,000 in this fiscal year on the development of this device.

Segment July 31, 2021 July 31, 2020 Percentage Change
Services Segment R&D Expenditures $ 135,213 $ 352,625 Decrease of 61.7 %
Products Segment R&D Expenditures $ 540,553 $ 394,332 Increase of 37.1 %
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A): SG&A expenses for the Current Quarter was $2,205,230 compared to $1,525,469 in the Previous Quarter, representing an increase in this area of expenditures of 44.6%.

The increase in this area of expenditures in the Current Quarter is largely reflective of the increase in our business activities compared to the Previous Quarter in which our activities were curtailed due to the ongoing Pandemic.

Wages and Salaries increased since in the Previous Quarter we had Pandemic related payroll assistance under the UK Government Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme ('CJRS') of $91,200 compared to $2,500 in the Current Quarter.

In addition, in the Current Quarter, Legal and Professional Fees increased by 45.7%. This is because in the Previous Quarter, our CEO and Board members agreed certain waivers of fees again due to the uncertainties posed by the Pandemic in the Previous Quarter.

In the Current Quarter we recorded an increase in stock based compensation which was $451,629 compared to $344,666 in the Previous Quarter, representing a 31.0% increase. This relates to certain stock options granted to employees under the Company's 2017 Stock Option Incentive Plan.

Key Areas of SG&A Expenditure across the Group for the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter are:

Expenditure July 31, 2021 July 31, 2020 Percentage Change
Wages and Salaries $ 871,571 $ 747,613 Increase 16.6 %
Legal and Professional Fees (including accounting and audit) $ 258,309 $ 177,248 Increase 45.7 %
Rent for our various locations $ 13,006 $ 6,889 Increase 88.8 %
Marketing $ 7,993 $ 2,487 Increase 221.4 %

Wages and Salaries increased as we normalized our activities which in the Previous Quarter were curtailed due to the ongoing restrictions relating to the Pandemic. In the Previous Quarter this area of expenditure contained contributions received under the UK Government Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme ('CJRS') for staff who could not attend the offices due to restrictions that were then in place. We also paid $41,400 as employee separation payment.

The increase in the Current Quarter of 'Legal and Professional' category of expenditures is a reflection that in the Previous Quarter our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer ('Officers') had waived certain amounts relating to their Professional Fees in light of the global lockdown and the uncertainty created by the Pandemic. The total of Professional Fees of Officers and Directors were $67,779 in the Previous Quarter and $116,850 for the Current Quarter.

In general, the category of 'Rent' is not material for the Business as we own most of premises and facilities. The current category of rent largely reflects the premises we are using in Copenhagen/Denmark which has been established to mitigate as far as possible the impact of the United Kingdom withdrawing from the European Union. In this connection, in the Current Quarter, we have also leased an apartment for 6 months for accommodation of various staff travelling to support the Danish operations.

The Marketing Expenditures in both the Current Quarter and Previous Quarter do not reflect our typical expenditures in this area. Since the Previous Quarter, marketing activities have been severely constrained due to the Pandemic which prevents activities such as travel to customer or attending trade shows. The Marketing expenditures in the Current Quarter increased over the Previous Quarter due to the fact that we are performing more marketing activities than in the Previous Quarter when the global economy was shut down. However, neither the Current Quarter nor Previous Quarter are representative of our typical marketing costs pre-Pandemic. We anticipate that this area of expenditures will increase significantly in the future as we promote our new products and services once the business environment stabilizes with respect to the Pandemic and the associated restrictions.

Operating Income (loss): In the Current Quarter we realized an operating profit of $1,331,413 compared to $1,321,058 in the Previous Quarter, a marginal increase over the Previous Quarter. This is a reflection of the increase in our Products Business' revenues by 25.5% over the Previous Quarter along with an increase in Gross Profit Margins by 9.9%. We also had a reduction in R&D expenditures by 12.5%, although SG&A expenditures increased by 44.6%.

Interest Expense: Interest expense decreased by 11.1% in the Current Quarter to $14,736 from $16,580 in the Previous Quarter. This is due to reduction in the principal amount outstanding under the debentures held by HSBC NA and which is in accordance with the agreed repayment schedule. This loan matures in December 2021. Please refer to Note 11 - Note Payable to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further details pertaining to this HSBC Loan.

Other Income: In the Current Quarter Other Income was $3,571 compared to $3,871 in the Previous Quarter.

Net Income (loss) before income taxes (NIBIT): In the Current Quarter, we realized a profit of $1,320,248 before income taxes as compared to $1,308,349 in the Previous Quarter. Although Total Operating Expenditures significantly increased in the Current Quarter (25.4% over Previous Quarter), NIBIT increased due to our total consolidated revenues increasing along with increase in our Gross Profit Margins (largely due to the Products Business rental income increasing in the Current Quarter and reduction in Commissions paid to agents).

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Net Income: In the Current Quarter the Company realized a net income of $1,521,086 as compared to $1,022,753 in the Previous Quarter. Net Income increased due to a number of factors including increase in our total consolidated revenues and Gross Profit Margins coupled with the realization of a tax benefit of $418,329 in the Current Quarter compared to $1,584 in the Previous Quarter. In addition, Deferred Tax (Expense) Benefit in the Current Quarter was ($217,491) compared to ($287,180) in the Previous Quarter.

Comprehensive Income (loss). In the Current Quarter Comprehensive income was $1,260,405 compared to $1,697,632 for the Previous Quarter. This category is affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange translation transactions. In the Previous Quarter we realized a gain on foreign currency translation adjustments relating to certain transactions of $674,879 compared to a loss on related foreign currency translation transactions of $260,681 in the Current Quarter.

Results of Operations for the Current Nine Month Period compared to the Previous Nine Month Period

Revenue: Total consolidated revenues for the Current Nine Month Period and the Previous Nine Month Period were $16,250,910 and $15,366,233 respectively, representing an increase of 5.8%. This is largely due to the increase in revenues generated by the Products Business. The Products Business revenue in the Current Nine Month Period was $11,777,739 compared to $8,377,081 representing an increase of 40.6%. The Services Business revenues declined in the Current Nine Month Period and was $4,473,171 compared to $6,989,152, representing a decline of 36.0%. This is largely due delays in receiving backlog defense related orders caused by the change in the US Administrations.

Gross Profit Margins: Margin percentage was stronger in the Current Nine Month Period at 69.4% (gross profit of $11,276,935) compared to 63.9% (gross profit of $9,819,022), representing an increase of 5.5 percentage points in the Current Nine Month Period.

Gross Profit Margins vary according to a number of factors, including:

● The percentage of consolidated sales attributed to the Products Business. The Gross Profit Margin yielded by the Products Business is generally higher than that of the Services Business.
● The percentage of consolidated sales attributed to the Services Business. The Services Business yields a lower gross profit margin on generated sales which are largely based on time and materials contracts (except for its Thermite® and Fire Sprinkler® products).
● The mix of sales within the Products Business:
● Outright sales versus rentals.
● Hardware related sales versus Software related sales.
● Extent of Offshore Engineering Support Services provided in the period.
● Extent of paid customer engineering work relating to customizing our technology for their purpose.
● Level of Commissions on sales (both the Services and Products businesses work with a global network sales agents). Most sales from Asia attract commission as those are typically sales via our Agents/Distributors Network.
● Level of Assets in Rental Pool and cost of the sales associated these Assets (and which are subject to depreciation).

Services Business

Gross Profit Margins for the Services Business of 43.8% in the Current Nine Month Period were marginally lower than the Previous Nine Month Period where they were 45.2%.

Products Business

In the Current Nine Month Period Gross Profit Margins for the Products Business were 79.1% compared to 79.5% in the Previous Nine Month Period. Gross Profit Margins were slightly less in the Products Business due to mix of sales, commissions expense on Equipment Sales which was $419,276 compared to $441,744 in the Previous Nine Month Period.

Since there are more variable factors affecting Gross Profit Margins in the Products Business, a table showing a summary of break-out of sales generated by the Products Business in the Current Nine Month Period compared to the Previous Nine Month Period is set out below:

Nine Month Period 2021 Nine Month Period 2020 Percentage Change
Equipment Sales $ 8,035,469 $ 5,241,537 Increase 53.3 %
Equipment Rentals 1,645,942 947,664 Increase 73.7 %
Software Sales 599,425 358,467 Increase 67.2 %
Engineering Parts 213,956 - Increase 100 %
Services 1,282,947 1,829,413 Decrease 29.9 %
Total Net Sales $ 11,777,739 $ 8,377,081 Increase 40.6 %

Further information on the performance of each Segment including revenues by product and geography can be found in Note 15 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Research and Development (R&D): R&D expenditures in the Current Nine Month Period were $1,904,186 compared to $2,414,547 in the Previous Nine Month Period, representing a decline of 21.1%. The significant fall in this area of expenditures in the Current Nine Month Period is two-fold. The Services Business significantly reduced expenditures on the Thermite® development which resulted in a decline of 53.9%. In the Current Nine Month Period these expenditures were $383,011 compared to $830,008 in the Previous Nine Month Period. In addition, in the Previous Nine Month Period, we had $190,782 attributed to Coda Octopus' development costs for the US Navy First Generation (GEN 1) Head Up Display (HUD) compared to zero in the Current Nine Month Period. In the Current Nine Month Period all development associated with the HUD Development (now GEN 3), are funded by the US Office of Naval Research.

● Services Segment.

During the Current Nine Month Period the Services Business R&D expenditures decreased by 53.9%. Research and Development expenditures are incurred by this business in relation to an incubator embedded systems division which it has established. This division is investing in the development of the next generation of the Thermite® range of mission computers for leveraging across our group of companies. Thermite® which has a prestigious customer base, is a ruggedized mission computer with a number of variants which are man worn, backpack worn and simultaneously integrated in the soldier's helmet and in defense system such as air-borne drones. The next generation of Thermite® (now the Thermite® Octal) is in trials with a number of customers and we would expect to start manufacturing these mission computers for sale when the trials are completed. These trials have been interrupted due to the Pandemic and are yet to restart. In the Current Quarter, R&D expenditures for this Segment decreased due to the Business taking steps to reduce spending in this area until it can restart field trials on the prototype variants it has fielded. Until the field trials are reinstated, it is challenging to lock in the new development requirements, and as such we have reduced our expenditures on Thermite®.

● Products Segment

During the Current Nine Month Period R&D expenditures in the Products Segment increased by 9.1% from $1,393,757 in the Previous Nine Month Period to $1,521,175. R&D expenditures are incurred by this business in connection with investments it makes in developing its products. In the Current Nine Month Period, Products Business R&D expenditures include an exceptional item of expenditure of $172,082 which represents sub-contractor's costs for development of a new generation of an ASIC device for our sonar technology. We expect to spend $500,000 in this fiscal year on the development of this device. The $172,082 reflects the first phase of the costs associated with this ASIC Device.

● CRADA - Heads Up Development Prototype Investment

In the Previous Nine Month Period we had costs of $190,782 compared to nil in the Current Nine Month Period. These expenditures were attributed to the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement ('CRADA'). Under the CRADA we collaborated in the development of the first-generation prototype Diver Augmented Visions Display (DAVD) System for Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) in conjunction with Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama Division. The first-generation prototype DAVD system has been approved under the CRADA and, accordingly, there will be no further expenditures under the CRADA since the next generations of the DAVD will be funded by ONR/NAVSEA. The second generation of the DAVD has now been signed off and is an Approved Navy USE (ANU) product and is now in use by the Navy. We received $2 million in funding in the current fiscal year for the development of the Third Generation of DAVD.

Segment July 31, 2021 July 31, 2020 Percentage Change
Services Segment R&D Expenditures $ 383,011 830,008 Decrease 53.9 %
Products Segment R&D Expenditures $ 1,521,175 $ 1,393,757 Increase 9.1 %
Coda Octopus Group, Inc. R&D Expenditures $ - $ 190,782 Decrease 100 %
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A): SG&A expenses for the Current Nine Month Period increased to $5,798,597 from $4,950,357 in the Previous Nine Month Period representing an increase of 17.1%.

The increase in SG&A in the Current Nine Month Period compared to the Previous Nine Month Period largely is a result of the normalization of business activities following significant curtailment of activities caused by the Pandemic and reflects increase in the areas of Wages and Salaries (9.2%) and Legal and Professional (11.5%), insurance costs (5.6%) and Stock Based Compensation (75.8%). In the areas of Wages and Salaries, Pandemic related contributions by UK Government to assist payroll fell significantly in the Current Nine Month Period. Similarly Legal and Professional fees of our CEO and Board increased in the Current Nine Month Period, as in the Previous Period, certain waivers of fees were agreed as the outlook for the Pandemic effect on the business was unknown.

Key Areas of SG&A Expenditure across the Group for the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter are:

Expenditure July 31, 2021 July 31, 2020 Percentage Change
Wages and Salaries $ 2,501,636 $ 2,290,484 Increase 9.2 %
Legal and Professional Fees (including accounting and audit) $ 853,154 $ 765,320 Increase 11.5 %
Rent for our various locations $ 31,289 $ 21,080 Increase 48.4 %
Marketing $

67,325

$

72,682

Decrease 7.4 %

Wages and Salaries increased as we normalized our business activities which were curtailed in the Previous Nine Month Period due to the Pandemic-related restrictions in place. In the Previous Quarter this area of expenditure contained contributions received under the UK Government CJRS for staff who were furloughed because they could not attend the offices due to these restrictions. Contributions received in the Previous Nine Month Period were $160,400 compared to $97,900 in the Current Nine Month Period.

The increase in the 'Legal and Professional' category of expenditures in the Current Nine Month Period is a reflection that in the Previous Nine Month Period we had waivers of fees from our CEO and Board of Directors (reflecting the concerns over the impact of the Pandemic on the business). The total of Professional Fees of Officers and Directors were $232,500 in the Current Nine Months and $179,029 in the Previous Nine Months.

In general, the category of 'Rent' is not material for the Business as we own the substantial part of the premises and facilities, we use to perform our business activities. The current category of rent largely reflects the premises we are using in Copenhagen/Denmark which location has been established to mitigate as far as possible the impact of the United Kingdom withdrawing from the European Union. We have also recently leased an apartment in Denmark, which will accommodate staff travelling from different locations of the business to support the newly established operations in Denmark.

The Marketing Expenditures in both the Previous Nine Month Period and Current Nine Month Period do not reflect our typical expenditures in this area. Since the Previous Nine Month Period our marketing activities have been severely constrained due to the Pandemic which impacts on activities such as travel to customers or attending trade shows. We anticipate that this area of expenditures will increase significantly in the future as we promote our new products and services once the business environment stabilizes with respect to the Pandemic and the associated restrictions.

We recorded expenses for stock based charges of $761,233 in the Current Nine Month Period compared to $432,965 in the Previous Nine Month Period, representing an increase of 75.8%.

Operating Income: Our income from our operating activities in the Current Nine Month Period was $3,574,152 as compared to $2,454,118 in the Previous Nine Month Period which represents an increase of 45.6%. The increase is largely a reflection of the increase in our revenue in the Current Nine Month Period and Gross Profit Margins coupled with a decrease of 21.1% in Research and Development expenditures.

Interest Expense: Interest expense in the Current Nine Month Period was $42,891 compared to $54,650 in the Previous Nine Month Period, representing a reduction of 21.5%. This is an area that is decreasing due to reduction in the level of secured debentures. The secured debentures mature in December 2021 and we anticipate that all outstanding amounts under the debentures will be satisfied by then. Please refer to Note 11 - Note Payable to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further details pertaining to this HSBC NA Loan for more information on this.

Other Income: In the Current Nine Month Period, we had Other Income of $723,942 as compared to $16,384 in the Previous Nine Month Period. Within this category is an amount of $648,872 received in January and February 2021 by our US subsidiaries under the second round of the US Government Payroll Protection Program ('Second Round PPP') for payroll assistance during the Pandemic. In the Current Nine Month Period the Company has recorded $648,872 as Other Income since these amounts have been fully utilized to defray payroll expenses in that period. Under the Program when the amounts are utilized for qualifying expenditures defined under the Program they are then eligible for forgiveness. These amounts have now been forgiven under the SBA rules. In the Previous Nine Month Period, although we received contributions under the First Round PPP these were recorded in the Previous Nine Month Period as long term debt. These amounts have also been forgiven under the applicable SBA rules.

Net Income before income taxes: In the Current Nine Month Period, we had a net income before income taxes of $4,255,203 as compared to $2,415,852 in the Previous Nine Month Period, representing an increase of 76.1%. This is due to the increase in revenues and gross profit margins. This is a reflection of the increasing normalization of the business environment which in the Previous Nine Month Period were significantly constrained due to the Pandemic and the associated lockdowns and general business uncertainties which affected demand for our goods and services. We are seeing an improvement in the business environment although it has not yet returned to pre-Pandemic levels.

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Net Income: In the Current Nine Month Period net income increased by 130.8% to $4,857,863 from $2,104,446 in the Previous Nine Month Period. Net Income increased due to a number of factors including increase in our revenues and Gross Profit Margins coupled with the realization of a tax benefit of $753,017 in the Current Nine Month Period compared to $13,063 in the Previous Nine Month Period. In addition, Deferred Tax Benefit (Expense) decreased in the Current Nine Month Period and was ($150,357) compared to ($324,469) in the Previous Nine Month Period.

Comprehensive Income. In the Current Nine Month Period Comprehensive Income was $5,821,507 compared to $2,310,091 for the Previous Nine Month Period, representing an increase of 152.0%. This category is affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange translation transactions. In the Previous Nine Month Period we had a gain of $205,645 on foreign currency translation adjustment transactions compared to a gain on these transactions of $963,644 in the Current Nine Month Period. A large part of the gain relates to a general stabilization of the British Pound against major currencies following clarity on its ongoing trade relationship with the European Union. This has therefore seen the British Pound consistently strengthening against US Dollar.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At July 31, 2021, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $18,567,759, working capital of $30,946,242 and stockholders' equity of $40,979,008. For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2021, the Company's operating activities provided cash of $3,631,489.

Financing Activities

Secured Promissory Note

On April 28, 2017, the Company and its wholly-owned US based subsidiaries, Coda Octopus Products, Inc. and Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. (together, the 'Subsidiaries'), entered into a loan agreement with HSBC Bank NA (the 'Lender') for a loan in the principal amount of $8,000,000 (the 'Loan'). The annual interest rate is fixed at 4.56%. The obligations in connection with the repayment of the Loan are secured by all assets of Coda Octopus Group, Inc., and its US Subsidiaries. Our foreign subsidiaries are joint and several guarantors of the obligations. We pay a monthly amount of $43,777 comprising repayment of principal and interest. The Note matures in December 2021.

The amount outstanding under this loan as of July, 2021 is $193,345. We anticipate that this amount will be satisfied in full in December 2021 when it matures.

Revolving Credit Line

The Company entered into a $4,000,000 revolving line of credit with HSBC NA on November 27, 2019, with interest at the prime rate. The outstanding balance on the line of credit was $0 as of July 31, 2021.

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Inflation and Foreign Currency

The Company maintains its books in functional currency. In this connection these are:

● US Dollars for US Operations;
● British Pound for United Kingdom Operations;
● Danish Kroner for our Danish Operations; and
● Australian Dollars for our Australian Operations.

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates can affect the Company's sales, profitability and financial position when the foreign currencies of its international operations are translated into US. dollars for financial reporting. In addition, we are also subject to currency fluctuation risk with respect to certain foreign currency denominated receivables and payables. The Company cannot predict the extent to which currency fluctuations may affect the Company's business and financial position, and there is a risk that such fluctuations will have an adverse impact on the Company's sales, profits and financial position. Also, because differing portions of our revenues and costs are denominated in foreign currency, movements can impact our margins by, for example, decreasing our foreign revenues when the dollar strengthens without correspondingly decreasing our expenses. The Company does not currently hedge its currency exposure.

The impact of currency fluctuations on the three months and Nine Months ended July 31, 2021 is shown below. For the purpose of this table 'Constant Rates' is defined as the spot rate for balance sheet transactions and weighted average exchange rate prevailing in the Previous Quarter for profit and loss transactions.

Table 1: Three Months ended July 31, 2021

British Pounds Australian Dollar Danish Kroner US Dollar
Actual Constant Actual Constant Actual Constant Actual Constant Total
Results Rates Results Rates Results Rates Results Rates Effect
Revenues 3,777,263 3,530,311 - - 400,270 376,046 4,177,533 3,906,357 271,176
Costs 2,928,980 2,737,488 24,370 21,929 (306,423 ) (287,879 ) 2,646,927 2,471,538 175,389
Net profit (losses) 848,283 792,824 (24,370 ) (21,929 ) 706,693 663,925 1,530,606 1,434,819 95,787
Assets 23,552,970 21,937,692 35,665 34,134 813,115 797,058 24,401,750 22,768,884 1,632,866
Liabilities (1,746,353 ) (1,626,587 ) (3,665 ) (3,508 ) (30,118 ) (29,523 ) (1,780,136 ) (1,659,618 ) (120,518 )
Net assets 21,806,617 20,311,105 32,000 30,627 782,997 767,535 22,621,614 21,109,266 1,512,348

This table shows that the effect of constant exchange rates, versus the actual exchange rate fluctuations, increased our net income on activities in the Current Quarter by $95,787 and increased net assets by $1,512,348. In addition, the Company booked transactional exchange rate losses of $105,792 during the Current Quarter.

Table 2: Nine Months ended July 31, 2021

The impact of currency fluctuations on the Nine Months ended July 31, 2021 is shown below. In this context 'Constant Rates' is defined as the spot rate for balance sheet transactions and weighted average exchange rate prevailing in the Previous Quarter for profit and loss transactions.

British Pounds Australian Dollar Danish Kroner US Dollar
Actual Constant Actual Constant Actual Constant Actual Constant Total
Results Rates Results Rates Results Rates Results Rates Effect
Revenues 11,263,147 10,526,780 - - 759,540 713,573 12,022,687 11,240,353 782,334
Costs 7,777,395 7,268,921 (24,459 ) (22,009 ) 4,097 3,849 7,757,033 7,250,761 506,272
Net profit (losses) 3,485,752 3,257,859 24,459 22,009 755,443 709,724 4,265,654 3,989,592 276,062
Assets 23,552,970 21,937,692 35,665 34,134 813,115 797,058 24,401,750 22,768,884 1,632,866
Liabilities (1,746,353 ) (1,626,587 ) (3,665 ) (3,508 ) (30,118 ) (29,523 ) (1,780,136 ) (1,659,618 ) (120,518 )
Net assets 21,806,617 20,311,105 32,000 30,627 782,997 767,535 22,621,614 21,109,266 1,512,348

This table shows that the effect of constant exchange rates, versus the actual exchange rate fluctuations, increased our net income on activities in the Current Nine Months Period by $276,062 and increased net assets by $1,512,348. In addition, the Company booked transactional exchange rate losses of $208,728 during the Current Nine Months Period.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 3. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 'Exchange Act') is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company's management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial (and principal accounting) Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of July 31, 2021. Based upon that evaluation the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(b) Changes in Internal Controls.

There was no change in our internal controls over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonable likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this report.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Item 1A. Risks Factors

Not required for smaller reporting companies

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Item 6. Exhibits

31 Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)
32 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Coda Octopus Group, Inc. (Registrant)
Date: September 14, 2021 /s/ Annmarie Gayle
Annmarie Gayle
Chief Executive Officer
Date: September 14, 2021 /s/ Michael Midgley
Michael Midgley
Chief Financial Officer
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