Comstock Holding Companies Inc.

05/16/2022 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 05/16/2022 16:45

Quarterly Report (Form 10-Q)

chci-20220331
TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
__________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
__________________________________________________________________________
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-32375
__________________________________________________________________________
Comstock Holding Companies, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
__________________________________________________________________________
Delaware 20-1164345
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1900 RestonMetro Plaza, 10th Floor
Reston, Virginia20190
(703) 230-1985
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)
__________________________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading
Symbol(s) 		Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value CHCI
NASDAQ Capital Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☐
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 30, 2022, 8,199,678 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 220,250 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the registrant were outstanding.

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COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC.
Form 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2022



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1
Item 1.
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
1
Consolidated Balance Sheets.............................................................................................................................
1
Consolidated Statements of Operations..............................................................................................................
2
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity...........................................................................
3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.............................................................................................................
4
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements....................................................................................
5
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition.............................................................................
16
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk...............................................................................
21
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures.........................................................................................................................................
21
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
22
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings....................................................................................................................................................
22
Item 6.
Exhibits....................................................................................................................................................................
22
SIGNATURES..........................................................................................................................................................................
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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited; in thousands, except per share data)
March 31, December 31,
2022 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 11,560 $ 15,823
Accounts receivable 802 46
Accounts receivable - related parties 2,505 1,697
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 415 197
Current assets held for sale - 2,313
Total current assets 15,282 20,076
Fixed assets, net 389 264
Leasehold improvements, net 119 -
Investments in real estate ventures 7,490 4,702
Operating lease assets 7,161 7,245
Deferred income taxes, net 11,766 11,300
Other assets 90 15
Total assets $ 42,297 $ 43,602
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accrued personnel costs $ 1,394 $ 3,468
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 1,104 783
Current operating lease liabilities 667 616
Current liabilities held for sale - 1,194
Total current liabilities 3,165 6,061
Credit facility - due to affiliates 5,500 5,500
Operating lease liabilities 6,744 6,745
Total liabilities 15,409 18,306
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity:
Series C preferred stock; $0.01 par value; aggregate liquidation preference of $17,203; 20,000 shares authorized; 3,441 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021
6,765 6,765
Class A common stock; $0.01 par value; 59,780 shares authorized; 8,232 issued and 8,146 outstanding as of March 31, 2022; 8,102 issued and 8,017 outstanding as of December 31, 2021
82 81
Class B common stock; $0.01 par value; 220 shares authorized, issued, and outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021
2 2
Additional paid-in capital 200,461 200,617
Treasury stock, at cost (86 shares of Class A common stock)
(2,662) (2,662)
Accumulated deficit (177,760) (179,507)
Total stockholders' equity 26,888 25,296
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 42,297 $ 43,602
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited; in thousands, except per share data)

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Revenue $ 8,731 $ 6,840
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue 6,935 6,078
Selling, general, and administrative 387 299
Depreciation and amortization 44 20
Total operating costs and expenses 7,366 6,397
Income (loss) from operations 1,365 443
Other income (expense)
Interest expense (59) (58)
Gain (loss) on real estate ventures 252 6
Other income (expense), net - 1
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax 1,558 392
Provision for (benefit from) income tax (456) 2
Net income (loss) from continuing operations 2,014 390
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (267) (143)
Net income (loss) $ 1,747 $ 247
Weighted-average common stock outstanding:
Basic 8,340 8,166
Diluted 8,974 8,997
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic - Continuing operations $ 0.24 $ 0.05
Basic - Discontinued operations (0.03) (0.02)
Basic net income (loss) per share $ 0.21 $ 0.03
Diluted - Continuing operations $ 0.22 $ 0.05
Diluted - Discontinued operations (0.03) (0.02)
Diluted net income (loss) per share $ 0.19 $ 0.03









See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited; in thousands)

Series C Class A Class B
Preferred Stock Common Stock Common Stock Treasury Accumulated
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount APIC stock deficit Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Balance as of December 31, 2021 3,441 $ 6,765 8,102 $ 81 220 $ 2 $ 200,617 $ (2,662) $ (179,507) $ 25,296
Issuance of common stock, net of shares withheld for taxes - - 130 1 - - (298) - - (297)
Stock-based compensation - - - - - - 142 - - 142
Net income (loss) - - - - - - - - 1,747 1,747
Balance as of March 31, 2022 3,441 $ 6,765 8,232 $ 82 220 $ 2 $ 200,461 $ (2,662) $ (177,760) $ 26,888
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Balance as of December 31, 2020 3,441 $ 6,765 7,953 $ 79 220 $ 2 $ 200,147 $ (2,662) $ (193,116) $ 11,215
Issuance of common stock, net of shares withheld for taxes - - 105 2 - - (189) - - (187)
Stock-based compensation - - - - - - 183 - - 183
Net income (loss) - - - - - - - - 247 247
Balance as of March 31, 2021 3,441 $ 6,765 8,058 $ 81 220 $ 2 $ 200,141 $ (2,662) $ (192,869) $ 11,458











See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited; in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Operating Activities - Continuing Operations
Net income (loss) from continuing operations $ 2,014 $ 390
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) from continuing operations to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 44 20
Stock-based compensation 197 153
(Gain) loss on real estate ventures (252) (6)
Deferred income taxes (456) -
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable (1,689) (1,218)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (218) (92)
Accrued personnel costs (2,074) (1,455)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 322 142
Other assets and liabilities 160 26
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (1,952) (2,040)
Investing Activities - Continuing Operations
Investments in real estate ventures (2,656) -
Proceeds from sale of CES 1,016 -
Distributions from real estate ventures 18 1,660
Purchase of fixed assets (163) (7)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (1,785) 1,653
Financing Activities - Continuing Operations
Loan proceeds - 121
Loan payments - (30)
Payment of taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards (297) (196)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (297) (105)
Discontinued Operations
Operating cash flows, net (202) 117
Investing cash flows, net - -
Financing cash flows, net (27) -
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations (229) 117
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (4,263) (375)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 15,823 7,032
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 11,560 $ 6,657
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest $ 59 $ 58
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Accrued liability settled through issuance of common stock $ - $ 7
Right of use assets and lease liabilities at commencement 209 -

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited; in thousands except per share data or otherwise indicated)
1. Company Overview
Comstock Holding Companies, Inc. ("Comstock" or the "Company"), founded in 1985 and incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2004, is a leading developer and manager of mixed-use and transit-oriented properties in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. As a vertically integrated and multi-faceted asset management and real estate services company, Comstock has designed, developed, constructed, acquired, and managed thousands of residential units and millions of square feet of commercial and mixed-use properties.
On March 31, 2022, the Company completed the sale of its wholly-owned subsidiary Comstock Environmental Services, LLC ("CES") to August Mack Environmental, Inc. ("August Mack") for approximately $1.4 million of total consideration, composed of $1.0 million in cash and $0.4 million held in escrow that is subject to net working capital and other adjustments, as set forth in the executed Asset Purchase Agreement with August Mack. For additional information, see Note 3.
The Company operates through four primarily real estate-focused subsidiaries - CHCI Asset Management, LC ("CAM"); CHCI Residential Management, LC; CHCI Commercial Management, LC; and Park X Management, LC.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). As permitted, certain information and footnote disclosures have been condensed or omitted. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated and certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
In management's opinion, the financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments that are considered necessary for the fair presentation of the Company's financial position and operating results. The results of operations presented in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year.
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company's fiscal year 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the "2021 Annual Report") filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 was derived from the audited financial statements contained in the 2021 Annual Report.
The Company has reflected CES as a discontinued operation in its consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. Unless otherwise noted, all amounts and disclosures throughout these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements relate to the Company's continuing operations. For additional information, see Note 3.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items subject to such estimates, include, but are not limited to, the valuation of equity method investments and the valuation of deferred tax assets. Assumptions made in the development of these estimates contemplate the macroeconomic landscape and the Company's anticipated results, however actual results may differ materially from these estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted
None.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Not Yet Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." This guidance is intended to introduce a revised approach to the recognition and measurement of credit
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losses, emphasizing an updated model based on current expected credit losses ("CECL") rather than incurred losses. The standard will become effective for the Company for financial statement periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.
3. Discontinued Operations
On March 31, 2022, the Company completed the sale of its wholly-owned subsidiary CES to August Mack in accordance with the Asset Purchase Agreement for approximately $1.4 million of total consideration, composed of $1.0 million in cash and $0.4 million held in escrow that is subject to net working capital and other adjustments. The Company executed this divestiture to enhance its focus and pursue continued growth initiatives for its core asset management business.
The following table reconciles major line items constituting pretax income (loss) from discontinued operations to net income (loss) from discontinued operations as presented in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Revenue $ 1,460 $ 1,477
Cost of revenue (1,173) (1,087)
Selling, general, and administrative (714) (504)
Depreciation and amortization - (29)
Other income (expense) 150 -
Pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations (277) (143)
Provision for (benefit from) income tax (10) -
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations $ (267) $ (143)
The Company recognized an estimated gain of $0.2 million on the divestiture of CES, calculated by comparing the purchase price to the carrying value of the net assets sold in the transaction as of March 31, 2022. This gain on sale is reflected in other income (expense) in the above table and does not include the impact of $0.4 million of transaction costs that are included in selling, general, and administrative expense. These amounts may be adjusted in future periods as ongoing changes to the net working capital and transaction costs related to the sale are finalized.
The following table reconciles the carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations to total assets and liabilities of discontinued operations that were classified as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
Carrying amounts of major classes of assets held for sale:
Accounts receivable $ 2,075
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 129
Total current assets 2,204
Fixed assets, net 106
Intangible assets, net 3
Total assets $ 2,313
Carrying amounts of major classes of liabilities held for sale:
Accrued personnel costs $ 153
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 1,015
Loans payable 26
Total liabilities $ 1,194
4. Investments in Real Estate Ventures
The Company's material unconsolidated investments in real estate ventures are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The following table summarizes the fair value of these investments (in thousands):
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March 31, December 31,
Description 2022 2021
Investors X $ 1,430 $ 1,484
The Hartford 1,199 1,211
BLVD Forty Four 2,252 2,007
BLVD Ansel 2,609 -
Total $ 7,490 $ 4,702
Investors X
On April 30, 2019, the Company entered into a Master Transfer agreement with CP Real Estate Services, LC ("CPRES"), formerly Comstock Development Services, LC, an entity wholly owned by the Company's CEO, Christopher Clemente, which entitled the Company to priority distribution of residual cash flow from its Class B membership interest in Comstock Investors X, L.C. ("Investors X"), an unconsolidated variable interest entity that owns the Company's residual homebuilding operations. As of March 31, 2022, the residual cash flow primarily relates to anticipated returns of cash backing outstanding letters of credit and cash collateral posted for land development work performed by subsidiaries owned by Investors X. The cash will be released as bond release work associated with these projects is completed. In addition, a subsidiary of Investors X is undergoing a re-zoning of land from commercial to residential and the Company will be entitled to 50% of the profit from the anticipated residential lot sales after re-zoning and land development work is completed. Expected future cash flows include contractually fixed revenues and expenses, as well as estimates for future revenues and expenses where contracts do not currently exist. These estimates are based on prior experience as well as comparable, third-party data. See Note 13 for further information.
The Hartford
In December 2019, the Company partnered with Comstock Partners, LC ("Partners"), an entity that is controlled by our CEO, and wholly-owned by Mr. Clemente and certain family members, to acquire a Class-A office building immediately adjacent to Clarendon Station on Metro's Orange Line in Arlington County's premier transit-oriented office market, the Rosslyn-Ballston Corridor. Built in 2003, the 211,000 square foot mixed-use Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design ("LEED") GOLD building is approximately 76% leased to multiple high-quality tenants. In February 2020, the Company arranged for DivcoWest to purchase a majority ownership stake in the Hartford Building and secured a $87 million loan facility from MetLife. As part of the transaction, the Company entered into asset management and property management agreements to manage the property. Fair value is determined using an income approach and sales comparable approach models. As of March 31, 2022, the Company's ownership interest in the Hartford was 2.5%. See Note 13 for further information.
BLVD Forty Four
In October 2021, the Company entered into a joint venture with Partners to acquire BLVD Forty Four, a 15-story, luxury high-rise apartment building located one block from the Rockville Metro Station and in the heart of the I-270 Technology and Life Science Corridor in Montgomery County. Built in 2015, the 263-unit mixed use property includes approximately 16,000 square feet of retail and a commercial parking garage. In connection with the transaction, the Company received an acquisition fee and will also receive investment related income and incentive fees in connection with its equity interest in the asset. The Company also provides asset, residential, retail and parking property management services for the property in exchange for market rate fees. Fair value is determined using an income approach and sales comparable approach models. As of March 31, 2022, the Company's ownership interest in BLVD Forty Four was 5%. See Note 13 for further information.
BLVD Ansel
In March 2022, the Company entered into a joint venture with Partners to acquire BLVD Ansel, an 18-story, luxury high-rise apartment building with 250 units located adjacent to BLVD Forty Four in Rockville, Maryland. In connection with the transaction, the Company received an acquisition fee and is entitled to receive investment related income and incentive fees in connection with its equity interest in the asset. The Company will also provide asset, residential, retail and parking property management services for the property in exchange for market rate fees. Fair value is determined using an income approach and sales comparable approach models. As of March 31, 2022, the Company's ownership interest in BLVD Forty Ansel was 5%. See Note 13 for further information.
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The following table below summarizes the activity of the Company's unconsolidated investments in real estate ventures that are reported at fair value (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 4,702
Investments 2,656
Distributions (18)
Change in fair value 150
Balance as of March 31, 2022 $ 7,490
Other Investments
In addition, the Company has a joint venture with Superior Title Services, Inc. ("STS") to provide title insurance to its clients. The Company records this co-investment using the equity method of accounting and adjusts the carrying value of the investment for its proportionate share of net income and distributions. The carrying value of the STS investment is recorded in "other assets" on the Company's consolidated statement of balance sheets. The Company's proportionate share of net income and distributions are recorded in gain (loss) on real estate ventures in the consolidated statements of operations and were $0.1 million and immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.
5. Leases
The Company has operating leases for office space leased in various buildings for its own use. The Company's leases have remaining terms ranging from 5 to 10 years. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Lease costs related to the Company's operating leases are primarily reflected in "cost of revenue" in the consolidated statements of operations, as they are a reimbursable cost under the 2019 Asset Management Agreement ("2019 AMA", see Note 13 for further information).
The following table summarizes operating lease costs, by type (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Operating lease costs
Fixed lease costs $ 240 $ 223
Variable lease costs 86 75
Total operating lease costs $ 326 $ 298
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to the Company's operating leases (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating lease liabilities $ 160 $ 139
As of March 31, 2022, the Company's operating leases had a weighted-average remaining lease term of 6.67 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 4.25%.
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The following table summarizes future lease payments (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31, Operating Leases
2022 $ 723
2023 985
2024 1,008
2025 1,031
2026 1,054
Thereafter 4,091
Total future lease payments 8,892
Imputed interest (1,481)
Total lease liabilities $ 7,411
The Company does not have any leases which have not yet commenced as of March 31, 2022.
6. Debt
Credit Facility - Due to Affiliates
On March 19, 2020, the Company entered into a Revolving Capital Line of Credit Agreement with CP Real Estate Services, LC ("CPRES"), formerly known as Comstock Development Services, LC, pursuant to which the Company secured a $10.0 million capital line of credit (the "Credit Facility"). Under the terms, the Credit Facility provides for an initial variable interest rate of the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate plus 1.00% per annum on advances made under the Credit Facility, payable monthly in arrears. The Credit Facility also allows for interim draws that carry a maturity date of 12 months from the initial date of the disbursement unless a longer initial term is agreed to by CPRES. On March 27, 2020, the Company borrowed $5.5 million under the Credit Facility and signed an unsecured promissory note to repay principal and interest borrowed by the April 30, 2023 maturity date.
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on the Credit Facility was $5.5 million. The effective interest rate as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was 4.50% and 4.25%, respectively.
7. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company maintains certain non-cancelable operating leases that contain various renewal options. See Note 5 for further information on the Company's operating lease commitments.
The Company is subject to litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of business; however, the Company does not expect the results, if any, to have a material adverse impact on its results of operations, financial position or liquidity. The Company records a contingent liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company expenses legal defense costs as they are incurred.
8. Fair Value Disclosures
As of March 31, 2022, the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximated fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
As of March 31, 2022, based upon unobservable market rates (Level 3), the fair value of the Company's floating rate debt was estimated to approximate carrying value.
As of March 31, 2022, the Company had certain equity method investments in real estate ventures that it elected to record at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). For further information on these investments, see Note 4.
The Company may also value its non-financial assets and liabilities, including items such as long-lived assets, at fair value on a non-recurring basis if it is determined that impairment has occurred. Such fair value measurements typically use significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), unless a quoted market price (Level 1) or quoted prices for similar instruments, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets, or amounts derived from valuation models (Level 2) are available.
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9. Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock
The Company's certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.01 per share. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends when, as and if, declared by the Company's board of directors, subject to the rights of the holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights to dividends. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to fifteen votes per share. Shares of our Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon transfer. As of March 31,2022, the Company had not declared any dividends.
Preferred Stock
The Company's certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of Series C non-convertible preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share and a stated value of $5.00 per share. The Series C Preferred Stock has a discretionary, non-cumulative, dividend feature and is redeemable for $5.00 per share. The Series C Preferred Stock is redeemable by holders in the event of liquidation or change in control of the Company.
Stock-based Compensation
On February 12, 2019, the Company approved the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan"), which replaced the 2004 Long-Term Compensation Plan (the "2004 Plan"). The 2019 Plan provides for the issuance of stock options, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalents, performance awards, and stock or other stock-based awards. The 2019 Plan mandates that all lapsed, forfeited, expired, terminated, cancelled and withheld shares, including those from the predecessor plan, be returned to the 2019 Plan and made available for issuance. The 2019 Plan originally authorized 2.5 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock for issuance. As of March 31, 2022, there were 1.4 million shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expense on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2022, there was $1.4 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation.
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock unit ("RSU") awards granted to employees are subject to continued employment and generally vest in four annual installments over the four years period following the grant dates. The Company also grants certain RSU awards to management that contain additional vesting conditions tied directly to a defined performance metric for the Company ("PSUs"). The actual number of PSUs that will vest can range from 60% to 120% of the original grant target amount, depending upon actual Company performance below or above the established performance metric targets. The Company estimates performance in relation to the defined targets when calculating the related stock-based compensation expense.
The following table summarizes all restricted stock unit activity (in thousands, except per share data):
RSUs
Outstanding 		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance as of December 31, 2021 847 $ 2.28
Granted 219 4.63
Released (173) 2.72
Canceled/Forfeited (125) 2.31
Balance as of March 31, 2022 768 $ 2.95
Stock Options
Non-qualified stock options generally expire 10 years after the grant date and, except under certain conditions, the options are subject to continued employment and vest in four annual installments over the four-year period following the grant dates.

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The following table summarizes all stock option activity (in thousands, except per share data and time periods):
Options
Outstanding 		Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price 		Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years) 		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Balance as of December 31, 2021 397 $ 2.89 5.7 $ 998
Granted - -
Exercised (30) 1.71
Canceled/Forfeited (3) 2.24
Expired (46) 4.48
Balance as of March 31, 2022 318 $ 2.78 5.6 $ 1,122
Exercisable as of March 31, 2022 298 $ 2.78 4.7 $ 1,054
10. Revenue
All of the Company's revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was generated in the United States. The following tables summarize the Company's revenue by line of business, customer type, and contract type (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Revenue by Line of Business
Asset management $ 5,997 $ 4,893
Property management 2,131 1,630
Parking management 603 317
Total revenue $ 8,731 $ 6,840
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Revenue by Customer Type
Related party $ 8,640 $ 6,825
Commercial 91 15
Total revenue $ 8,731 $ 6,840
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Revenue by Contract Type
Fixed-price $ 1,887 $ 815
Cost-plus 4,770 4,290
Time and material 2,074 1,735
Total revenue $ 8,731 $ 6,840
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11. Income Taxes
For interim periods, we recognize an income tax provision (benefit) based on our estimated annual effective tax rate expected for the entire fiscal year. The interim annual estimated effective tax rate is based on the statutory tax rates then in effect, as adjusted for estimated changes in temporary and estimated permanent differences, and excludes certain discrete items whose tax effect, when material, is recognized in the interim period in which they occur. These changes in temporary differences, permanent differences, and discrete items result in variances to the effective tax rate from period to period. We also have elected to exclude the impacts from significant pre-tax, non-recognized subsequent events from our interim estimated annual effective rate until the period in which they occur.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Prior to 2021, the Company had recorded valuation allowances for certain tax attributes and deferred tax assets due the existence of sufficient uncertainty regarding the future realization of those deferred tax assets through future taxable income. In June 2021, based on its recent financial performance and current forecasts of future operating results, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets related to its net operating loss carryforwards would be utilized in future periods.
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized a $0.5 million tax benefit stemming from the tax impact of a $0.7 million release of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance in the period. This recognized tax benefit was supported by the Company's recent trend of positive net income from continuing operations and expectation that current operations will continue to generate future taxable income.
12. Net Income (Loss) Per Share
The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Numerator:
Net income (loss) from continuing operations - Basic and Diluted $ 2,014 $ 390
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations - Basic and Diluted (267) (143)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - Basic 8,340 8,166
Effect of common share equivalents 634 831
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - Diluted 8,974 8,997
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic - Continuing operations $ 0.24 $ 0.05
Basic - Discontinued operations (0.03) (0.02)
Basic net income (loss) per share $ 0.21 $ 0.03
Diluted - Continuing operations $ 0.22 $ 0.05
Diluted - Discontinued operations (0.03) (0.02)
Diluted net income (loss) per share $ 0.19 $ 0.03
The following common share equivalents have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because their effect was anti-dilutive (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Restricted stock units - -
Stock options 27 46
Warrants 76 149
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13. Related Party Transactions
Lease for Corporate Headquarters
On November 1, 2020, the Company relocated its corporate headquarters to a new office space pursuant to a ten-year lease agreement with an affiliate controlled and owned by our Chief Executive Officer and family, as landlord.
2019 Asset Management Agreement
On April 30, 2019, CHCI Asset Management, LC ("CAM") entered into the 2019 Asset Management Agreement ("2019 AMA") with CP Real Estate Services, LC ("CPRES"), formerly Comstock Development Services, LC, which amended and restated in its entirety the prior asset management agreement between the parties with an effective date as of January 1, 2018. Pursuant to the 2019 AMA, CPRES engages CAM to manage and administer the Anchor Portfolio and the day to-day operations of CPRES and each property-owning subsidiary of CPRES (collectively, the "CPRES Entities").
Pursuant to the 2019 AMA, the Company provides asset management services related to the build out, lease-up and stabilization, and management of the Anchor Portfolio. CPRES pays the Company and its subsidiaries annual fees equal to the greater of either (i) an aggregate amount equal to the sum of (a) an asset management fee equal to 2.5% of revenues generated by properties included in the Anchor Portfolio; (b) a construction management fee equal to 4% of all costs associated with Anchor Portfolio projects in development; (c) a property management fee equal to 1% of the Anchor Portfolio revenues, (d) an acquisition fee equal to up to 0.5% of the purchase price of acquired assets; and (f) a disposition fee equal to 0.5% of the sales price of an asset on disposition; or (ii) an aggregate amount equal to the sum of (x) the employment expenses of personnel dedicated to providing services to the Anchor Portfolio pursuant to the 2019 AMA, (y) the costs and expenses of the Company related to maintaining the public listing of its shares and complying with related regulatory and reporting obligations, and (z) a fixed annual payment of $1.0 million.
In addition to the annual payment of the greater of either the Market Rate Fee or the Cost Plus Fee, the Company also is entitled on an annual basis to the following additional fees: (i) an incentive fee equal to 10% of the free cash flow of each of the real estate assets comprising the Anchor Portfolio after calculating a compounding preferred return of 8% on CPRES invested capital (ii) an investment origination fee equal to 1% of raised capital, (iii) a leasing fee equal to $1.00/sf for new leases and $0.50/sf for renewals; and (iv) mutually agreeable loan origination fees related to the Anchor Portfolio.
The 2019 AMA is currently scheduled to terminate on December 31, 2027 ("Initial Term") and will automatically renew for successive additional one-year terms (each an "Extension Term") unless CPRES delivers written notice of non-renewal at least 180 days prior to the termination date. Twenty-four months after the effective date of the 2019 AMA, CPRES is entitled to terminate the 2019 AMA without cause provided 180 days advance written notice is delivered to CAM. In the event of such a termination, and in addition to the payment of any accrued annual fees due and payable as of the termination date under the 2019 AMA, CPRES is required to pay a termination fee equal to (i) the Market Rate Fee or the Cost Plus Fee paid to CAM for the calendar year immediately preceding the termination , and (ii) a one-time payment of the Incentive Fee as if the CRE Portfolio were liquidated for fair market value as of the termination date; or the continued payment of the Incentive Fee as if a termination had not occurred.
Residential, Commercial, and Parking Property Management Agreements
The Company entered into separate residential property management agreements with properties owned by CPRES Entities under which the Company receives fees to manage and operate the properties including tenant communications, leasing of apartment units, rent collections, building maintenance and day-to-day operations, engagement and supervision of contractors and vendors providing services for the buildings, and budget preparation and oversight.
The Company entered into separate commercial property and parking management agreements with several properties owned by CPRES Entities under which the Company receives fees to manage and operate the office and retail portions of the properties, including tenant communications, rent collections, building maintenance and day-to-day operations, engagement and supervision of contractors and vendors providing services for the buildings, and budget preparation and oversight. These property management agreements each have initial terms of one year with successive, automatic one year renewal terms. The Company generally receives base management fees under these agreements based upon a percentage of gross rental revenues for the portions of the buildings being managed in addition to reimbursement of specified expenses, including employment expenses of personnel employed by the Company in the management and operation of each property.
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Construction Management Agreements
The Company has construction management agreements with properties owned by CPRES Entities under which the Company receives fees to provide certain construction management and supervision services, including construction supervision and management of the buildout of certain tenant premises. The Company receives a flat construction management fee for each engagement under a work authorization based upon the construction management or supervision fee set forth in the applicable tenant's lease, which fee is generally 1% to 4% of the total costs (or total hard costs) of construction of the tenant's improvements in its premises, or as otherwise agreed to by the parties.
Lease Procurement Agreements
The Company has lease procurement agreements with properties owned by CPRES Entities under which the Company receives certain leasing fees in connection with the procurement of new leases for such properties where external brokers are not involved. Such leasing fees are supplemental to the fees generated from the AMA and above-referenced management agreements.
Business Management Agreements
On April 30, 2019, CAM entered into a Business Management Agreement with Investors X, whereby CAM provides Investors X with asset and professional services related to the wind down of the Company's divested homebuilding operations and the continuation of services related to the Company's divested land development activities. The aggregate fee payable to CAM from Investors X under the Business Management Agreement is $0.94 million payable in 15 quarterly installments of $0.06 million each.
On July 1, 2019, CAM entered into a Business Management Agreement (the "BC Management Agreement") with CPRES, whereby CAM provides CPRES with professional management and consultation services, including, without limitation, consultation on land development and real estate transactions, for a residential community located in Monteverde, Florida. The initial term of the BC Management Agreement expired on December 31, 2020, subject to automatic, successive one (1) year extensions, unless sooner terminated in accordance with the terms of the BC Management Agreement. The current term of the BC Management Agreement expires on December 31, 2022. The BC Management Agreement provides that CPRES will pay CAM an annual management fee equal to $0.34 million, payable in equal monthly installments during the term commencing on July 1, 2019, and will reimburse CAM for certain expenses.
The Hartford
In December 2019, the Company made an investment related to the purchase of the Hartford, a stabilized commercial office building located at 3101 Wilson Boulevard in the Clarendon area of Arlington County, Virginia. In conjunction with the investment, the Company entered into an operating agreement with Partners to form Comstock 3101 Wilson, LC, to purchase the Hartford. Pursuant to the Operating Agreement, the Company held a minority membership interest of the Hartford and the remaining membership interests of the Hartford are held by Partners.
In February 2020, the Company, Partners and DWF VI 3101 Wilson Member, LLC ("DWF"), an unaffiliated, third party, equity investor in the Hartford, entered into a limited liability company agreement (the "DWC Operating Agreement") to form DWC 3101 Wilson Venture, LLC ("DWC") to, among other things, acquire, own and hold all interests in the Hartford. In furtherance thereof, on February 7, 2020, the Original Operating Agreement was amended and restated (the "A&R Operating Agreement") to memorialize the Company's and Partners' assignment of 100% of its membership interests in the Hartford to DWC. As a result thereof, DWC is the sole member of the Hartford Owner. The Company and Partners, respectively, hold minority membership interests in, and DWF holds the majority membership interest in, DWC. See Note 4 for further information.
BLVD Forty Four/BLVD Ansel
In October 2021 and March 2022, the Company entered into joint ventures with Partners to acquire BLVD Forty Four and BLVD Ansel, respectively, two adjacent mixed-use luxury high-rise apartment buildings located near the Rockville Metro Station in Montgomery County, Md. The Company considers BLVD Forty Four and BLVD Ansel to bevariable interest entities upon which it exercises significant influence; however, considering key factors such as the Company's ownership interest and participation in policy-making decisions by majority equity holders, the Company concluded that it does not have a controlling financial interest in either property. See Note 4 for further information.
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ParkX Monitoring Center Lease
On January 1, 2022, ParkX Management, LC, a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a five-year lease agreement for its parking operations monitoring center with an affiliate controlled and owned by our Chief Executive Officer and family, as landlord.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto and Management's Discussion and Analysis included in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this document. Unless otherwise indicated, references to "2022" refer to the three months ended March 31, 2022 and references to "2021" refer to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The following discussion may contain forward-looking statements that reflect our plans and expectations. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of events or circumstances after the date of such statements except as required by law.
Overview
We are a leading developer and manager of mixed-use and transit-oriented properties in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. As a vertically integrated and multi-faceted asset management and real estate services company, we have designed, developed, constructed, acquired, and managed thousands of residential units and millions of square feet of commercial and mixed-use properties in since 1985.
We provide a broad range of asset management and real estate services, including services related to the acquisition, development, and operation of real estate assets. Our customers and partners are composed primarily of private and institutional owners, investors in commercial, residential, and mixed-use real estate, and various governmental bodies seeking to leverage the potential of public-private partnerships.
Our revenue is primarily generated by fees from the asset management and real estate services that we provide. In addition, we invest capital both on our own account and on behalf of clients and institutional investors seeking above average risk-adjusted returns. These strategic real estate investments tend to focus on office, retail, residential and mixed-use properties in which we generally retain an economic interest while also providing property management and other real estate services.
Our managed portfolio is composed of 36 operating assets, including 15 commercial assets totaling approximately 2.2 million square feet, 6 multifamily assets totaling 1,636 units, and 15 commercial garages with over 12,000 parking spaces. Included in our managed portfolio are Reston Station and Loudoun Station, two of the largest transit-oriented, mixed-use developments in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. The following tables provide a high-level summary of our managed portfolio:
Anchor Portfolio
Reston Station Mixed-use development on Metro's Silver Line (Phase I); strategically located between Tyson's Corner, Va. and Dulles International Airport
Loudoun Station Mixed-use development on Metro's Silver Line (Phase II); first Metro-connected development in Loudoun County, Va.
Herndon Station Mixed-use development in the historic downtown portion of Herndon, Va.; focus of public-private partnership with Town of Herndon
Investments/Assets Under Management
The Hartford Building Joint venture; 211,000 square foot mixed-use building on Metro's Orange Line in Arlington, Va.
BLVD Forty Four Joint venture; 15-story, luxury high-rise apartment building near Rockville Metro Station in Montgomery County, Md.; adjacent to BLVD Ansel
BLVD Ansel Joint venture; 18-story, luxury high-rise apartment building near Rockville Metro Station in Montgomery County, Md.; adjacent to BLVD Forty Four
International Gateway Various real-estate services provided for two privately-owned mixed-use buildings located in Tyson's Corner, Va.
Investors X Investment in company that owns residual homebuilding operations
Additionally, we have the following assets under construction: (i) one commercial asset totaling approximately 330,000 square feet, (ii) one multifamily asset with 415 units and (iii) one hotel/condominium asset with 240 keys and 95 condos. Our development pipeline consists of 12 assets consisting of approximately 1.4 million square feet of additional planned commercial development, approximately 2,600 multifamily units and one hotel asset that will include 160 keys.
Substantially all the properties included in our managed portfolio are covered by long-term, full-service asset management agreements encompassing all aspects of design, development, construction, and operations management relating to the subject
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properties. The services we provide pursuant to the asset management agreements covering our managed portfolio vary by property and client.
Anchoring our asset management services platform is a long-term full service asset management agreement with an affiliated company owned by the Comstock's Chief Executive Officer, Christopher Clemente (the "2019 AMA"). The 2019 AMA encompasses the majority of the properties we currently manage, including Reston Station and Loudoun Station. For additional details on the 2019 AMA, see Note 13 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CES Divestiture
On March 31, 2022, we completed the sale of Comstock Environmental Services, LLC ("CES"), a subsidiary of Comstock, to August Mack Environmental, Inc. ("August Mack") in accordance with the Asset Purchase Agreement for approximately $1.4 million of total consideration, composed of $1.0 million in cash and $0.4 million held in escrow that is subject to net working capital and other adjustments. We executed this divestiture to enhance its focus pursue continued future growth initiatives for its core asset management business.
We have reflected CES as a discontinued operation in its consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. Unless otherwise noted, all amounts and disclosures relate to our continuing operations. For additional information, see Note 3 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
COVID-19 Update
We continue to monitor the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the effects of recent notable variants of the virus. While we have not experienced a significant impact on our business resulting from COVID-19 to date, future developments may have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition. The health and safety of our employees, customers, and the communities in which we operate remains our top priority. Although the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the commercial real estate market in the greater Washington, D.C. area remains uncertain, we believe that our Anchor Portfolio is well positioned to withstand any future potential negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Outlook
Our management team is committed to executing our goal to provide exceptional experiences to those we do business with while maximizing shareholder value. We believe that we are properly staffed for current market conditions and the foreseeable future and feel that we will maintain the ability to manage risk and pursue opportunities for additional growth as market conditions warrant. Our real estate development and asset management operations are primarily focused on the greater Washington, D.C. area, where we believe our 35-plus years of experience provides us with the best opportunity to continue developing, managing, and investing in high-quality real estate assets and capitalizing on positive growth trends.
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth consolidated statement of operations data for the periods presented (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Revenue $ 8,731 $ 6,840
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue 6,935 6,078
Selling, general, and administrative 387 299
Depreciation and amortization 44 20
Total operating costs and expenses 7,366 6,397
Income (loss) from operations 1,365 443
Other income (expense)
Interest expense (59) (58)
Gain (loss) on equity method investments 252 6
Other income - 1
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax 1,558 392
Provision for (benefit from) income tax (456) 2
Net income (loss) from continuing operations 2,014 390
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (267) (143)
Net income (loss) $ 1,747 $ 247
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021
Revenue
The following table summarizes revenue by line of business (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021 Change
Net Sales % Net Sales % $ %
Asset management $ 5,997 68.7 % $ 4,893 71.5 % $ 1,104 22.6 %
Property management 2,131 24.4 % 1,630 23.8 % 501 30.7 %
Parking 603 6.9 % 317 4.7 % 286 90.2 %
Total revenue $ 8,731 100.0 % $ 6,840 100.0 % $ 1,891 27.6 %
Revenue increased 27.6% in 2022. The $1.9 million comparative increase was primarily driven by a $0.5 million increase in acquisition fees, a $0.4 million increase in leasing fees, and growth in our managed portfolio, including the addition of 2 managed residential projects, 1 commercial project, and 4 parking garages. Also driving the increase was the improved performance of our managed portfolio, as property management fees are generally billed as a percentage of revenue of the managed project, as well as comparative increases in reimbursable staffing charges due to market and merit-based compensation increases for our allocated employees.
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Operating costs and expenses
The following table summarizes operating costs and expenses (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, Change
2022 2021 $ %
Cost of revenue $ 6,935 $ 6,078 $ 857 14.1 %
Selling, general, and administrative 387 299 88 29.4 %
Depreciation and amortization 44 20 24 120.0 %
Total operating costs and expenses $ 7,366 $ 6,397 $ 969 15.1 %
Operating costs and expenses increased 15.1% in 2022. The $1.0 million comparative increase was primarily due a $1.1 million increase in personnel expenses stemming from market and merit-based compensation increases along with increases in our headcount, partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in recoverable expenses.
Other income (expense)
The following table summarizes other income (expense) (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, Change
2022 2021 $ %
Interest expense $ (59) $ (58) $ (1) 1.7 %
Gain (loss) on equity method investments 252 6 246 4100.0 %
Other income - 1 (1) (100.0) %
Total other income (expense) $ 193 $ (51) $ 244 (478.4) %
Other income (expense) increased $0.2 million in 2022, primarily driven by higher mark-to-market valuations of the fixed-rate debt associated our equity method investments that brought comparative gains. We also recognized additional gains on the performance of our title insurance joint venture with Superior Title Services, Inc., driven by higher volume as compared to the prior period.
Income taxes
Benefit from income taxes was $0.5 million in 2022, compared to an immaterial expense in 2021. The benefit in 2022 was due to the tax impact from a $0.7 million release of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance in the period. This recognized tax benefit was supported by our recent trend of positive net income from continuing operations and our expectation that current operations will continue to generate future taxable income.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we prepare certain financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"), specifically Adjusted EBITDA.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) from continuing operations, excluding the impact of interest expense (net of interest income), income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, and gain (loss) on equity method investments.
We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate financial performance, analyze the underlying trends in our business and establish operational goals and forecasts that are used when allocating resources. We expect to compute Adjusted EBITDA consistently using the same methods each period.

We believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure because it permits investors to better understand changes over comparative periods by providing financial results that are unaffected by certain non-cash items that are not considered by management to be indicative of our operational performance.
While we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors when evaluating our business, it is not prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, and therefore should be considered supplemental in nature. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered
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in isolation, or as a substitute, for other financial performance measures presented in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA may differ from similarly titled measures presented by other companies.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) from continuing operations, the most directly comparable financial measure as measured in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Net income (loss) from continuing operations $ 2,014 $ 390
Interest expense, net 59 58
Income taxes (456) 2
Depreciation and amortization 44 20
Stock-based compensation 197 153
(Gain) loss on equity method investments (252) (6)
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,606 $ 617
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is defined as the current amount of readily available cash and the ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet the current needs for cash. We assess our liquidity in terms of our cash and cash equivalents on hand and the ability to generate cash to fund our operating activities.
Our principal sources of liquidity as of March 31, 2022 were our cash and cash equivalents of $11.6 million and our $4.5 million of available borrowings on our Credit Facility.
Significant factors which could affect future liquidity include the adequacy of available lines of credit, cash flows generated from operating activities, working capital management and investments.
Our primary capital needs are for working capital obligations and other general corporate purposes, including investments and capital expenditures. Our primary sources of working capital are cash from operations and distributions from investments in real estate ventures. We have historically financed our operations with internally generated funds and borrowings from our credit facilities. For further information on our debt, see Note 6 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
We believe we currently have adequate liquidity and availability of capital to fund our present operations and meet our commitments on our existing debt.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Continuing operations
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ (1,952) $ (2,040)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (1,785) 1,653
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (297) (105)
Total net increase (decrease) in cash - continuing operations (4,034) (492)
Discontinued operations, net (229) 117
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ (4,263) $ (375)
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities decreased by $0.1 million in 2022, primarily driven by a $1.0 million increase in net income from continuing operations after adjustments for non-cash items, partially offset by a $0.9 million incremental cash outflow stemming from changes to our net working capital. The net working capital impact included increased accounts receivable and accrued personnel costs, partially offset by decreases in accounts payable.
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Investing Activities
Net cash used investing activities was $1.8 million in 2022, compared to $1.7 million provided by investing activities in 2021. The net $3.4 million change was primarily driven by our $2.7 million real estate investment in BLVD Ansel and a $1.6 million decrease in distributions from real estate investments, partially offset by $1.0 million in proceeds from the CES divestiture.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities increased by $0.2 million in 2022, primarily driven by a $0.1 million decrease in net loan activity and a $0.1 million increase in tax payments related to the net share settlement of equity awards.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not Applicable.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of March 31, 2022, management, including the CEO and CFO, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")).
Based on that evaluation, management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that as of March 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting that is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no material changes to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. We do not expect that our disclosure controls and internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, therefore internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information regarding legal proceedings is incorporated by reference from Note 7 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.





















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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
Number 		Incorporated by Reference
Description Form Exhibit Filing Date
3.1 10-Q 3.1 November 16, 2015
3.2 10-K 3.2 March 31, 2005
3.3 8-K 3.1 March 27, 2015
3.4 8-K 3.2 March 27, 2015
3.5 8-K 3.1 January 4, 2016
3.6 8-K 3.1 March 28, 2017
3.7 8-K 3.2 February 19, 2019
3.8 8-K 3.1 February 19, 2019
4.1 S-1 4.1 August 13, 2004
10.1*
Deed of Lease dated January 1, 2022 by and between Comstock Reston Station Holdings, LC and ParkX Management, LC
10.2*
Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Comstock 33 Monroe Holdings, LC dated March 21, 2022
10.3*
Asset Purchase Agreement dated March 31, 2022 among Comstock Holding Companies, Inc., Comstock Environmental Services, LLC and August Mack Environmental, Inc.
31.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1‡
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* Filed herewith
‡ Furnished herewith
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Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following interactive data files formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL) are attached as Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:
(i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and 2021;
(ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021;
(iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021;
(iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021; and
(v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC.
Date: May 16, 2022
By:
/s/ CHRISTOPHER CLEMENTE
Christopher Clemente
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 16, 2022
By:
/s/ CHRISTOPHER GUTHRIE
Christopher Guthrie
Chief Financial Officer
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