such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Such imperfect correlation may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Fund to risk of loss. In addition, it is not possible to hedge fully or perfectly against any risk, and hedging entails its own costs (such as trading commissions and fees).
High Portfolio Turnover Risk: The investment techniques and strategies utilized by the Fund, including investments made on a shorter-term basis or in derivative instruments or instruments with a maturity of one year or less at the time of acquisition, may result in frequent portfolio trading and high portfolio turnover. High portfolio turnover rates will cause the Fund to incur higher levels of brokerage fees and commissions, which may reduce performance, and may cause higher levels of current tax liability to shareholders in the Fund.
Investment in Other Investment Companies Risk: As with other investments, investments in other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), are subject to market and manager risk. In addition, if the Fund acquires shares of investment companies, shareholders bear both their proportionate share of expenses in the Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the expenses of the investment companies. The Fund may invest in money market mutual funds. An investment in a money market mutual fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although money market mutual funds that invest in U.S. government securities seek to preserve the value of the Fund's investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in a stable NAV money market mutual fund. Moreover, prime money market mutual funds are required to use floating NAVs that do not preserve the value of the Fund's investment at $1.00 per share. Investments in real estate investment trusts or securities with similar characteristics that pool investors' capital to purchase or finance real estate investments also involve certain unique risks, including concentration risk (by geography or property type) and interest rate risk (i.e., in a rising interest rate environment, the stock prices of real estate-related investments may decline and the borrowing costs of these companies may increase).
Leverage Risk: As part of the Fund's principal investment strategy, the Fund will make investments in futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments. These derivative instruments provide the economic effect of financial leverage by creating additional investment exposure to the underlying instrument, as well as the potential for greater loss. If the Fund uses leverage through activities such as entering into short sales or purchasing derivative instruments, the Fund has the risk that losses may exceed the net assets of the Fund. The net asset value of the Fund while employing leverage will be more volatile and sensitive to market movements.
Manager Risk: If the Adviser makes poor investment decisions, it will negatively affect the Fund's investment performance.
Market Risk: Market risk is the risk that the markets on which the Fund's investments trade will increase or decrease in value. Prices may fluctuate widely over short or extended periods in response to company, market or economic news. Markets also tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. If there is a general decline in the securities and other markets, your investment in the Fund may lose value, regardless of the individual results of the securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests.
Mid-Cap Securities Risk: The Fund may invest in, or have exposure to, the securities of mid-cap companies. The prices of securities of mid-cap companies generally are more volatile than those of large capitalization companies and are more likely to be adversely affected than large-cap companies by changes in earnings results and investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions, including those experienced during a recession.
Model and Data Risk: Given the complexity of the investments and strategies of the Fund, the Adviser relies heavily on quantitative models and information and traditional and non-traditional data supplied or made available by third parties ("Models and Data"). Models and Data are used to construct sets of transactions and investments, to provide risk management insights, and to assist in hedging the Fund's investments.
When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, including because data is stale, missing or unavailable, any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. Similarly, any hedging based on faulty Models and Data may prove to be unsuccessful. Some of the models used by the Adviser for the Fund are predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. Because predictive models are usually constructed based on historical data supplied by third parties or otherwise, the success of relying on such models may depend on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied historical data. The Fund bears the risk that the quantitative models used by the Adviser will not be successful in forecasting movements in industries, sectors or companies or in determining the weighting of investment positions that will enable the Fund to achieve its investment objectives.
All models rely on correct data inputs. If incorrect data is entered into even a well-founded model, the resulting information will be incorrect. However, even if data is inputted correctly, "model prices" will often differ substantially from market prices, especially for instruments with complex characteristics, such as derivative instruments.
The Adviser currently makes use of non-traditional data, also known as "alternative data" (e.g., data related to consumer transactions or other behavior, social media sentiment, and internet search and traffic data). There can be no assurance that using alternative data will result in positive performance. Alternative data is often less structured than traditional data sets and usually has less history, making it more complicated (and riskier) to incorporate into quantitative models. Alternative data providers often have less robust information technology infrastructure, which can result in data sets being suspended, delayed, or otherwise unavailable. In addition, as regulators have increased scrutiny of the use of alternative data in making investment decisions, the changing regulatory landscape could result in legal, regulatory, financial and/or reputational risk.