Introducing the Microsoft Climate Research Initiative

Addressing and mitigating the effects of climate change requires a collective effort, bringing our strengths to bear across industry, government, academia, and civil society. As we continue to explore the role of technology to advance the art of the possible, we are launching the Microsoft Climate Research Initiative (MCRI). This community of multi-disciplinary researchers is working together to accelerate cutting-edge research and transformative innovation in climate science and technology.

MCRI enables us to bring Microsoft's research skills and compute capacities to deep and continuous collaboration with domain experts. For the kickoff of this initiative, we are focusing on three critical areas in climate research where computational advances can drive key scientific transformations: Overcoming constraints to decarbonization, reducing uncertainties in carbon accounting, and assessing climate risks in more detail.

Through these collaborative research projects, we hope to develop and sustain a highly engaged research ecosystem comprising a diversity of perspectives. Researchers will offer transdisciplinary and diverse expertise, particularly in areas beyond traditional computer science, such as environmental science, chemistry, and a variety of engineering disciplines. All results of this initiative are expected to be made public and freely available to spark even broader research and progress on these important climate issues.

"As researchers, we're excited to work together on projects specifically selected for their potential impact on global climate challenges. With Microsoft's computational capabilities and the domain expertise from our collaborators, our complementary strengths can accelerate progress in incredible ways."

- Karin Strauss, Microsoft

Microsoft researchers will be working with collaborators globally to co-investigate priority climate-related topics and bring innovative, world-class research to influential journals and venues.

Carbon accounting

Real-time Monitoring of Carbon Control Progress from CO₂ and Air Pollutant Observations with a Physically informed Transformer-based Neural Network

Jia Xing, Tsinghua University; Siwei Li, Wuhan University; Shuxin Zheng, Chang Liu, Shun Zheng, and Wei Cao, Microsoft

Understanding the change in CO₂ emissions from the measurement of CO₂ concentrations such as that done by satellites is very useful in tracking the real-time progress of carbon reduction actions. Current CO₂ observations are relatively limited: numerical model-based methods have very low calculation efficiency. The proposed study aims to develop a novel method that combines atmospheric numerical modeling and machine learning to infer the CO₂ emissions from satellite observations and ground monitor sensor data.

AI based Near-real-time Global Carbon Budget (ANGCB)

Zhu Liu, Tsinghua University; Biqing Zhu and Philippe Ciais, LSCE; Steven J. Davis, UC Irvine; Wei Cao, and Jiang Bian , Microsoft

Mitigation of climate change will depend upon a carbon emission trajectory that successfully achieves carbon neutrality by 2050. To that end, a global carbon budget assessment is essential. The AI-based, near-real-time Global Carbon Budget (ANGCB) project aims to provide the world's first global carbon budget assessment based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other data science technologies.

Carbon reduction and removal

Computational Discovery of Novel Metal-Organic Frameworks for Carbon Capture

Jeffrey Long, UC Berkeley; Xiang Fu, Jake Smith, Bichlien Nguyen, Karin Strauss, Tian Xie, Daniel Zuegner, and Chi Chen, Microsoft

Removing CO₂ from the environment is expected to be an integral component of keeping temperature rise below 1.5°C. However, today this is an inefficient and expensive undertaking. This project will apply generative machine learning to the design of new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to optimize for low-cost removal of CO₂ from air and other dilute gas streams.

An Assessment of Liquid Metal Catalyzed CO₂ Reduction

Michael D. Dickey, North Carolina State; Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh, University of New South Wales; Kali Frost, Bichlien Nguyen, Karin Strauss, and Jake Smith, Microsoft

The CO₂ reduction process can be used to convert captured carbon into a storable form as well as to manufacture sustainable fuels and materials with lower environmental impacts. This project will evaluate liquid metal-based reduction processes, identifying advantages, pinch-points, and opportunities for improvement needed to reach industrial-relevant scales. It will lay the foundation for improving catalysts and address scaling bottlenecks.

Computational Design and Characterization of Organic Electrolytes for Flow Battery and Carbon Capture Applications

David Kwabi, Anne McNeil, and Bryan Goldsmith, University of Michigan; Bichlien Nguyen, Karin Strauss,Jake Smith, Ziheng Lu, Yingce Xia, and Kali Frost, Microsoft

Energy storage is essential to enable 100% zero-carbon electricity generation. This work will use generative machine learning models and quantum mechanical modeling to drive the discovery and optimization of a new class of organic molecules for energy-efficient electrochemical energy storage and carbon capture.

Property Prediction of Recyclable Polymers

Aniruddh Vashisth, University of Washington; Bichlien Nguyen, Karin Strauss, Jake Smith, Kali Frost, Shuxin Zheng, and Ziheng Lu, Microsoft

Despite encouraging progress in recycling, many plastic polymers often end up being one-time-use materials. The plastics that compose printed circuit boards (PCBs), ubiquitous in every modern device, are amongst those most difficult to recycle. Vitrimers, a new class of polymers that can be recycled multiple times without significant changes in material properties, present a promising alternative. This project will leverage advances in machine learning to select vitrimer formulations that withstand the requirements imposed by their use in PCBs.

Accelerated Green Cement Materials Discovery

Eleftheria Roumeli, University of Washington; Kristen Severson, Yuan-Jyue Chen, Bichlien Nguyen, and Jake Smith, Microsoft

The concrete industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, the majority of which can be attributed to cement. The discovery of alternative cements is a promising avenue for decreasing the environmental impacts of the industry. This project will employ machine learning methods to accelerate mechanical property optimization of "green" cements that meet application quality constraints while minimizing carbon footprint.

Environmental resilience

Causal Inference to Understand the Impact of Humanitarian Interventions on Food Security in Africa

Gustau Camps-Valls, Universitat de Valencia; Ted Shepherd, University of Reading; Alberto Arribas Herranz, Emre Kiciman, and Lester Mackey, Microsoft

The Causal4Africa project will investigate the problem of food security in Africa from a novel causal inference standpoint. The project will illustrate the usefulness of causal discovery and estimation of effects from observational data by intervention analysis. Ambitiously, it will improve the usefulness of causal ML approaches for climate risk assessment by enabling the interpretation and evaluation of the likelihood and potential consequences of specific interventions.

Improving Subseasonal Forecasting with Machine Learning

Judah Cohen, Verisk; Dara Entekhabi and Sonja Totz, MIT; Lester Mackey , Alberto Arribas Herranz, and Bora Ozaltun, Microsoft

Water and fire managers rely on subseasonal forecasts two to six weeks in advance to allocate water, manage wildfires, and prepare for droughts and other weather extremes. However, skillful forecasts for the subseasonal regime are lacking due to a complex dependence on local weather, global climate variables, and the chaotic nature of weather. To address this need, this project will use machine learning to adaptively correct the biases in traditional physics-based forecasts and adaptively combine the forecasts of disparate models.

Check back here for MCRI progress updates and new resources for accelerating sustainability science research as it becomes available.

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