Simply Good Foods Company

04/08/2021 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 04/08/2021 04:00

Quarterly Report (SEC Filing - 10-Q)

atk-20210227


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________________________________________________
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended February 27, 2021
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 001-38115
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Simply Good Foods Company
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Delaware 82-1038121
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1225 17th Street, Suite 1000
Denver, CO80202
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(303) 633-2840
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share SMPL Nasdaq

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes☒No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of 'large accelerated filer,' 'accelerated filer,' 'smaller reporting company' and 'emerging growth company' in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐






If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 5, 2021, there were 95,762,832 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding.


THE SIMPLY GOOD FOODS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED FEBRUARY 27, 2021



INDEX
Page
PART I. Financial Information
Item 1.
Financial Statements (Unaudited):
4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
8
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
9
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
22
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
32
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
32
PART II. Other Information
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
33
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
33
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
33
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
33
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
33
Item 5.
Other Information
33
Item 6.
Exhibits
34
Signatures
35

2

PART I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The Simply Good Foods Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited, dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

February 27, 2021 August 29, 2020
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 91,307 $ 95,847
Accounts receivable, net
97,329 89,740
Inventories
82,771 59,085
Prepaid expenses
4,894 3,644
Other current assets
12,833 11,947
Total current assets
289,134 260,263
Long-term assets:
Property and equipment, net
11,092 11,850
Intangible assets, net
1,146,039 1,158,768
Goodwill
543,134 544,774
Other long-term assets
32,119 32,790
Total assets
$ 2,021,518 $ 2,008,445
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
$ 43,585 $ 32,240
Accrued interest
384 960
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
36,313 38,007
Current maturities of long-term debt
278 271
Total current liabilities
80,560 71,478
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt, less current maturities
548,884 596,879
Deferred income taxes
92,536 84,352
Other long-term liabilities
20,880 22,765
Total liabilities
742,860 775,474
See commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued
- -
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized, 95,856,715 and 95,751,845 shares issued at February 27, 2021 and August 29, 2020, respectively 959 958
Treasury stock, 98,234 and 98,234 shares at cost at February 27, 2021 and August 29, 2020, respectively (2,145) (2,145)
Additional paid-in-capital
1,098,375 1,094,507
Retained earnings
182,150 140,530
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(681) (879)
Total stockholders' equity
1,278,658 1,232,971
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 2,021,518 $ 2,008,445

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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The Simply Good Foods Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited, dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020 February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Net sales $ 230,607 $ 227,101 $ 461,759 $ 379,254
Cost of goods sold 140,342 141,707 277,453 231,654
Gross profit 90,265 85,394 184,306 147,600
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing 26,150 27,041 51,345 45,475
General and administrative 26,562 28,103 51,977 46,248
Depreciation and amortization 4,212 4,287 8,456 6,740
Business transaction costs - 694 - 26,853
Total operating expenses 56,924 60,125 111,778 125,316
Income from operations 33,341 25,269 72,528 22,284
Other income (expense):
Interest income - 85 3 1,464
Interest expense (7,995) (10,589) (16,367) (15,558)
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions 975 (194) 984 (178)
Other income 112 8 159 45
Total other expense (6,908) (10,690) (15,221) (14,227)
Income before income taxes 26,433 14,579 57,307 8,057
Income tax expense 7,313 3,922 15,687 2,193
Net income $ 19,120 $ 10,657 $ 41,620 $ 5,864
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments 243 (141) 198 (141)
Comprehensive income $ 19,363 $ 10,516 $ 41,818 $ 5,723
Earnings per share from net income:
Basic $ 0.20 $ 0.11 $ 0.43 $ 0.06
Diluted $ 0.19 $ 0.11 $ 0.41 $ 0.06
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 95,734,591 95,339,489 95,712,057 92,524,061
Diluted 101,152,896 100,336,571 100,604,137 97,597,614

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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The Simply Good Foods Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited, dollars in thousands)

Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Operating activities
Net income
$ 41,620 $ 5,864
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 9,021 7,119
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount 2,108 1,569
Stock compensation expense 3,594 3,795
Unrealized loss (gain) on foreign currency transactions (985) 178
Deferred income taxes 8,119 2,485
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset 2,253 1,652
Loss on operating lease right-of-use asset impairment 681 -
Gain on lease termination (154) -
Other 216 789
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisition:
Accounts receivable, net (7,015) (19,062)
Inventories (24,502) 768
Prepaid expenses (1,191) (873)
Other current assets (674) (5,808)
Accounts payable 10,275 (2,953)
Accrued interest (577) 175
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (1,881) (8,760)
Other assets and liabilities (1,144) (1,824)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
39,764 (14,886)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment (449) (481)
Issuance of note receivable - (1,250)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired - (984,201)
Proceeds from sale of business 5,800 -
Investments in intangible assets (114) -
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
5,237 (985,932)
Financing activities
Proceeds from option exercises 527 931
Tax payments related to issuance of restricted stock units (252) (80)
Payments on finance lease obligations (168) (157)
Principal payments of long-term debt (50,000) (21,000)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock - 352,542
Equity issuance costs - (3,323)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt - 460,000
Deferred financing costs - (8,208)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(49,893) 780,705
Cash and cash equivalents
Net decrease in cash (4,892) (220,113)
Effect of exchange rate on cash 352 (113)
Cash at beginning of period 95,847 266,341
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$ 91,307 $ 46,115

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Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest
$ 14,835 $ 13,814
Cash paid for taxes
$ 10,023 $ 4,345
Non-cash investing and financing transactions
Non-cash proceeds from sale of business $ 3,000 $ -
Operating lease right-of-use assets recognized at ASU No 2016-02 transition $ - $ 5,102
Finance lease right-of-use assets recognized at ASU No 2016-02 transition $ - $ 1,185
Operating lease right-of-use assets recognized after ASU No 2016-02 transition $ 316 $ 2,733

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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The Simply Good Foods Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited, dollars in thousands, except share data)

Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at August 29, 2020 95,751,845 $ 958 98,234 $ (2,145) $ 1,094,507 $ 140,530 $ (879) $ 1,232,971
Net income - - - - - 22,500 - 22,500
Stock-based compensation - - - - 1,110 - - 1,110
Foreign currency translation adjustments - - - - - - (45) (45)
Shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units 53,908 - - - (201) - - (201)
Exercise of options to purchase common stock 13,118 - - - 157 - - 157
Balance at November 28, 2020 95,818,871 $ 958 98,234 $ (2,145) $ 1,095,573 $ 163,030 $ (924) $ 1,256,492
Net income - - - - - 19,120 - 19,120
Stock-based compensation - - - - 2,484 - - 2,484
Foreign currency translation adjustments - - - - - - 243 243
Shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units 7,034 - - - (51) - - (51)
Exercise of options to purchase common stock 30,810 1 - - 369 - - 370
Balance at February 27, 2021 95,856,715 $ 959 98,234 $ (2,145) $ 1,098,375 $ 182,150 $ (681) $ 1,278,658

Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at August 31, 2019 81,973,284 $ 820 98,234 $ (2,145) $ 733,775 $ 105,830 $ (836) $ 837,444
Net loss - - - - - (4,793) - (4,793)
Stock-based compensation - - - - 1,673 - - 1,673
Public equity offering 13,379,205 134 - - 349,085 - - 349,219
Shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units 46,911 - - - (70) - - (70)
Exercise of options to purchase common stock 17,372 - - - 208 - - 208
Balance at November 30, 2019 95,416,772 $ 954 98,234 $ (2,145) $ 1,084,671 $ 101,037 $ (836) $ 1,183,681
Net income - - - - - 10,657 - 10,657
Stock-based compensation - - - - 2,122 - - 2,122
Foreign currency translation adjustments - - - - - - (141) (141)
Shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units 771 - - - (10) - - (10)
Exercise of options to purchase common stock 58,994 1 - - 723 - - 724
Balance at February 29, 2020 95,476,537 $ 955 98,234 $ (2,145) $ 1,087,506 $ 111,694 $ (977) $ 1,197,033
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited, dollars in thousands, except for share and per share data)

1. Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation

Description of Business

The Simply Good Foods Company ('Simply Good Foods' or the 'Company') is a consumer-packaged food and beverage company that aims to lead the nutritious snacking movement with trusted brands that offer a variety of convenient, innovative, great-tasting, better-for-you snacks and meal replacements. The Company's nutritious snacking platform consists of the following core brands that specialize in providing products for consumers that follow certain nutritional philosophies, dietary approaches and/or health-and-wellness trends: Atkins® for those following a low-carb lifestyle; and Quest® for consumers seeking to partner with a brand that makes the foods they crave work for them, not against them, through a variety of protein-rich foods and beverages that also limit sugars and simple carbs. The Company distributes its products in major retail channels, primarily in North America, including grocery, club and mass merchandise, as well as through e-commerce, convenience, specialty and other channels. The Company's portfolio of nutritious snacking brands gives it a strong platform with which to introduce new products, expand distribution, and attract new consumers to its products. The Company's platform also positions it to continue to selectively pursue acquisition opportunities of brands in the nutritious snacking category.

The common stock of Simply Good Foods is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol 'SMPL.'

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Simply Good Foods and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Unless the context otherwise requires, 'we,' 'us,' 'our' and the 'Company' refer to Simply Good Foods and its subsidiaries.

The Company maintains its accounting records on a 52/53-week fiscal year, ending on the last Saturday in August of each year.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company and its subsidiaries are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ('GAAP') and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the 'SEC'). The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments and disclosures which are, in the Company's opinion, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the indicated periods. All such adjustments were of a normal and recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements and, in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q, certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The results reported in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be reported for the entire fiscal year and should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended August 29, 2020, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K ('Annual Report'), filed with the SEC on October 28, 2020.

The Company remains uncertain of the ultimate effect COVID-19 could have on its business notwithstanding the distribution of several U.S. government approved vaccines and various federal, state and local governments having begun to ease the movement restrictions and public health initiatives while continuing to adhere to enhanced safety measures, such as physical distancing and face mask protocols. This uncertainty as to the duration and severity of economic effects from the COVID-19 pandemic stems from the potential for, among other things, (i) continued rates of reported cases of COVID-19 and the potential for mutations of COVID-19 to result in increased rates of reported cases for which currently approved vaccines are not effective, (ii) unexpected supply chain disruptions, (iii) changes to customer operations, (iv) continued or additional changes in consumer purchasing and consumption behavior beyond those evidenced to date, and (v) the closure of customer establishments.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Refer to Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report for a description of significant accounting policies.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the 'FASB') issued Accounting Standards Update ('ASU') 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which amends the existing guidance relating to the accounting for income taxes. This ASU is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the
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general principles of accounting for income taxes and to improve the consistent application of U.S. GAAP for other areas of accounting for income taxes by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and does not expect that the adoption of this ASU will be material to its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities and can be applied to contract modifications due to rate reform and eligible existing and new hedging relationships entered into between March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The amendments of this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company will continue to monitor the effects of rate reform, if any, on its contracts and the effects of adoption of this ASU through December 31, 2022. The Company does not anticipate the amendments in this ASU to be material to its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-10, Codification Improvements, which provides updates for technical corrections, clarifications to guidance, simplifications to wording or structure of guidance, and other minor improvements across various areas of accounting within U.S. GAAP. This ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The amendments of this ASU should be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and does not anticipate the adoption of this ASU will be material to its consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), which modified the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. The Company adopted this ASU as of the first day of fiscal 2021. As a result of adopting this ASU, the Company changed its method of estimating its allowance for doubtful accounts for trade receivables to be based upon the Company's historical credit loss experience adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics, current economic conditions, and reasonable forecasts. The change in estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which modified disclosure requirements on fair value measurements of Accounting Standards Codification ('ASC') 820. The Company adopted this ASU as of the first day of fiscal 2021. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements or the related disclosures.

3. Business Combination

On August 21, 2019, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary Simply Good Foods USA, Inc., formerly known as Atkins Nutritionals, Inc., ('Simply Good USA') entered into a Stock and Unit Purchase Agreement (the 'Purchase Agreement') to acquire Quest Nutrition, LLC ('Quest'), a healthy lifestyle food company (the 'Acquisition of Quest'). On November 7, 2019, Simply Good USA completed the Acquisition of Quest, via Simply Good USA's direct or indirect acquisition of 100% of the equity interests of Voyage Holdings, LLC and VMG Quest Blocker, Inc. (the 'Target Companies') for a cash purchase price at closing of $988.9 million subject to customary post-closing adjustments for the Target Companies' levels of cash, indebtedness, net working capital and transaction expenses as of the closing date.

Simply Good USA acquired Quest as a part of the Company's vision to lead the nutritious snacking movement with trusted brands that offer a variety of convenient, innovative, great-tasting, better-for-you snacks and meal replacements. Quest is a healthy lifestyle food company offering a variety of bars, cookies, chips, ready-to-drink shakes and pizzas that compete in many of the attractive, fast growing sub-segments within the nutritional snacking category.

The Acquisition of Quest was funded by the Company through a combination of cash, equity and debt financing. Total consideration paid on the closing date was $988.9 million. Cash sources of funding included $195.3 million of cash on hand, net proceeds of approximately $350.0 million from an underwritten public offering of common stock, and $443.6 million in new term loan debt. In the third fiscal quarter of 2020, the Company received a post-closing release from escrow of approximately $2.1 million related to net working capital adjustments, resulting in a total net consideration paid of $986.8 million as of February 27, 2021.

For the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, Business transaction costswithin the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income were $26.9 million, which included $14.5 million of transaction advisory fees related to the Acquisition of Quest, $3.2 million of banker commitment fees, $6.1 million of non-deferrable debt issuance costs related to the incremental term loan, and $3.1 million of other costs, including legal, due diligence, and accounting fees. Included in the transaction advisory fees was $12.0 million paid to Centerview Partners LLC, an investment banking firm that served as the lead financial advisor to the Company for this transaction. Three members of the Company's Board of Directors, Messrs. Kilts, West, and Ratzan, have business relationships with certain partners of Centerview Partners LLC (including relating to Centerview Capital Consumer, a private equity firm and affiliate of Conyers Park Sponsor
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LLC), but they are not themselves partners, executives or employees of Centerview Partners LLC, and Centerview Partners LLC is not a related party of the Company pursuant to applicable rules and policies. The advisory fee paid to Centerview Partners LLC represented approximately 1.2% of the total cash purchase price paid by the Company on the closing date of the Acquisition of Quest. All transaction advisory fees relating to the Acquisition of Quest were approved by the Company's Audit Committee.

The following table sets forth the final purchase price allocation of the Acquisition of Quest to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired at the date of acquisition, in thousands:
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,745
Accounts receivable, net 25,359
Inventories 44,032
Prepaid assets 1,214
Other current assets 3,812
Property and equipment, net(1)
9,843
Intangible assets, net(2)
868,375
Other long-term assets 20,997
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable 25,200
Other current liabilities 11,237
Deferred income taxes(3)
10,754
Other long-term liabilities 18,891
Total identifiable net assets 912,295
Goodwill(4)
74,525
Total assets acquired and liabilities assumed $ 986,820

(1)Property and equipment, net primarily consisted of leasehold improvements for the Quest headquarters of $6.9 million, furniture and fixtures of $2.2 million, and equipment of $0.7 million. The Quest headquarters lease ends in April 2029. The useful lives of the leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, and equipment are consistent with the Company's accounting policies.
(2)Intangible assets were recorded at fair value consistent with ASC 820 as a result of the Acquisition of Quest. Intangible assets consisted of $750.0 million of indefinite brands and trademarks, $115.0 million of amortizable customer relationships, and $3.4 million of internally developed software. The useful lives of the intangible assets are disclosed in Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements. The fair value measurement of the assets and liabilities was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value measurement hierarchy. Level 3 fair market values were determined using a variety of information, including estimated future cash flows and market comparable data and companies. The fair values of the intangible assets were estimated using inputs primarily from the income approach and the with/without method, which estimates the value using the cash flow impact in a hypothetical scenario where the customer relationships are not in place. The significant assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the intangible assets include the estimated life the asset will contribute to cash flows, profitability, and the estimated discount rate.
(3)Primarily as a result of the fair value attributable to the identifiable intangible assets, the deferred income tax liability was $10.8 million.
(4)Goodwill was recorded at fair value consistent with ASC 820 as a result of the Acquisition of Quest. Amounts recorded for goodwill created in an acquisition structured as a stock purchase for tax are generally not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Amounts recorded for goodwill resulting in a tax basis step-up are generally expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Tax deductible Goodwill was estimated to be $67.7 million. Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized.

The Company completed its final assessment of purchase price allocation for the Acquisition of Quest to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired at the date of acquisition during the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Since the initial preliminary estimates reported in the first fiscal quarter of 2020, the Company updated certain amounts reflected in the final purchase price allocation, as summarized in the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as set forth above. Specifically, the carrying amount of the intangible assets, net were increased by $20.0 million as a result of valuation adjustments related to the Company's finalization of tax attributes, which also resulted in a decrease to deferred income taxes of $3.2 million. Additionally, accounts receivable, net decreased $4.3 million and inventories increased $0.9 million due to fair value measurement period adjustments, and the carrying amount of property and equipment, net decreased by $0.5 million to reflect its estimated fair value. As a result of these adjustments and the change in total net consideration paid of approximately $2.1 million related to net working capital adjustments discussed above, goodwill decreased $21.5 million. Measurement period adjustments were recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustments were determined and calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date.

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The results of Quest's operations have been included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements since November 7, 2019, the date of acquisition. The following table provides net sales from the acquired Quest business included in the Company's results:

Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
(in thousands) February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020 February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Net sales(1)
$ 105,025 $ 88,305 $ 200,794 $ 105,387
(1)Net sales for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 excludes immaterial international net sales.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

Pro forma financial information is not intended to represent or be indicative of the actual results of operations of the combined business that would have been reported had the Acquisition of Quest been completed at the beginning of the fiscal year 2019, nor is it representative of future operating results of the Company. The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of the Company and Quest as if the Acquisition of Quest has occurred at the beginning of fiscal 2019:
Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
(in thousands) February 29, 2020 February 29, 2020
Revenue $ 227,101 $ 447,657
Gross profit $ 90,479 $ 178,667
Net income $ 15,049 $ 30,697

4. Revenue Recognition

Revenues from transactions with external customers for each of the Company's products would be impracticable to disclose and management does not view its business by product line. The following is a summary of revenue disaggregated by geographic area and core brands:
Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
(In thousands) February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020 February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
North America
Atkins $ 114,155 $ 131,435 $ 236,916 $ 259,247
Quest(2)
105,025 88,305 200,794 105,387
Total North America(1)
219,180 219,740 437,710 364,634
International 11,427 7,361 24,049 14,620
Total net sales $ 230,607 $ 227,101 $ 461,759 $ 379,254
(1)Revenue within the North America geographic area substantially relates to the United States and includes the divested SimplyProtein brand.
(2)Quest net sales are primarily in North America.

Charges related to credit loss on accounts receivables from transactions with external customers were nominal for each of the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 and were approximately $0.1 million for each of the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. As of February 27, 2021 and August 29, 2020, the allowance for doubtful accounts related to these accounts receivable was $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

5. Goodwill and Intangibles

Changes to Goodwillduring the thirteen week period ended February 27, 2021 were as follows:
(in thousands) Goodwill
Balance as of August 29, 2020 $ 544,774
Acquisition of business, measurement period adjustment 1,178
Sale of business (2,818)
Balance as of February 27, 2021 $ 543,134

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The change in Goodwillattributed to the acquisition of a business during the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 was the result of measurement period adjustments made to finalize the acquisition method of accounting for the Acquisition of Quest as described in Note 3. Additionally, effective September 24, 2020, the Company sold the assets exclusively related to its SimplyProtein® brand of products for approximately $8.8 million of consideration, including cash of $5.8 million and a note receivable for $3.0 million, to a newly formed entity led by the Company's former Canadian-based management team who had been responsible for this brand prior to the sale transaction (the 'SimplyProtein Sale'). In addition to purchasing these assets, the buyer assumed certain liabilities related to the SimplyProtein brand's business. There was no gain or loss recognized as a result of the SimplyProtein Sale. In conjunction with the SimplyProtein Sale, the Company disposed of $2.8 million of goodwill associated with the SimplyProtein business.

There were no impairment charges related to goodwill during the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 or since the inception of the Company.

Intangible assets, netin the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following:
February 27, 2021
(In thousands) Useful life Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Net carrying amount
Intangible assets with indefinite life:
Brands and trademarks
Indefinite life $ 974,000 $ - $ 974,000
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Customer relationships
15 years 174,000 24,303 149,697
Proprietary recipes and formulas
7 years 7,000 3,631 3,369
Licensing agreements
14 years 22,000 5,706 16,294
Software and website development costs
3 - 5 years 5,302 2,678 2,624
Intangible assets in progress
3 - 5 years 55 - 55
$ 1,182,357 $ 36,318 $ 1,146,039
August 29, 2020
(In thousands) Useful life Gross carrying amount Accumulated amortization Net carrying amount
Intangible assets with indefinite life:
Brands and trademarks
Indefinite life $ 979,000 $ - $ 979,000
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Customer relationships
15 years 174,000 18,503 155,497
Proprietary recipes and formulas
7 years 7,000 3,131 3,869
Licensing agreements
14 years 22,000 4,920 17,080
Software and website development costs
3 - 5 years 5,967 2,645 3,322
$ 1,187,967 $ 29,199 $ 1,158,768

Changes in Intangible assets, netduring the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 were primarily related to the SimplyProtein Sale and recurring amortization expense. In conjunction with the SimplyProtein Sale, the Company sold its SimplyProtein brand intangible asset, which had a carrying value of approximately $5.0 million as of the date of the sale. Amortization expense related to intangible assets during each of the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020 was $3.9 million, respectively. Amortization expense related to intangible assets during the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020 was $7.7 million and $6.2 million, respectively. There were no impairment charges related to intangible assets during the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020.
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Estimated future amortization for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:
(In thousands) Amortization
Remainder of 2021 $ 7,674
2022 15,224
2023 14,938
2024 14,257
2025 13,171
2026 and thereafter 106,720
Total $ 171,984

6. Long-Term Debt and Line of Credit

On July 7, 2017, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Barclays Bank PLC and other parties (as amended to date, the 'Credit Agreement'). The Credit Agreement provides for (i) a term facility of $200.0 million ('Term Facility') with a sevenyear maturity and (ii) a revolving credit facility of up to $75.0 million (the 'Revolving Credit Facility') with a fiveyear maturity. Substantially concurrent with the consummation of the Acquisition of Atkins, the full $200.0 million of the Term Facility (the 'Term Loan') was drawn. The interest rate per annum is based on either (i) a base rate equaling the higher of (a) the 'prime rate', (b) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (c) the Euro-currency rate applicable for an interest period of one month plus 1.00% plus (x) 3.00% margin for the Term Loan or (y) 2.00% margin for the Revolving Credit Facility, or (ii) London Interbank Offered Rate ('LIBOR') adjusted for statutory reserve requirements, plus (x) 4.00% margin for the Term Loan subject to a floor of 1.00% or (y) 3.00% margin for the Revolving Credit Facility. As security for the payment or performance of its debt, the Company has pledged certain equity interests in its subsidiaries.

On March 16, 2018 (the 'Amendment Date'), the Company entered into an amendment (the 'Repricing Amendment') to the Credit Agreement. As a result of the Repricing Amendment, the interest rate on the Term Loan was reduced and, as of the Amendment Date, such loans had an interest rate equal to, at the Company's option, either LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 3.50% or a base rate plus an applicable margin of 2.50%. The Repricing Amendment did not change the interest rate on the Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility continued to bear interest based upon the Company's consolidated net leverage ratio as of the last financial statements delivered to the administrative agent. No additional debt was incurred, or any proceeds received, by the Company in connection with the Repricing Amendment. The incremental fees paid to the administrative agent are reflected as additional debt discount and are amortized over the terms of the long-term financing agreements using the effective-interest method.

On November 7, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment (the 'Incremental Facility Amendment') to the Credit Agreement to increase the principal borrowed on the Term Facility by $460.0 million. The Term Facility together with the incremental borrowing make up the Initial Term Loans (as defined in the Incremental Facility Amendment) and as of the Amendment No. 2 Effective Date (as defined in the Incremental Facility Amendment), the Initial Term Loans bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company's option, either LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 3.75% or a base rate plus an applicable margin of 2.75%. The Incremental Facility Amendment was executed to partially finance the Acquisition of Quest. No amounts under the Term Facility were repaid as a result of the execution of the Incremental Facility Amendment.

The Credit Agreement contains certain financial and other covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur and/or undertake asset sales and other dispositions, liens, indebtedness, certain acquisitions and investments, consolidations, mergers, reorganizations and other fundamental changes, payment of dividends and other distributions to equity and warrant holders, and prepayments of material subordinated debt, in each case, subject to customary exceptions materially consistent with credit facilities of such type and size. The Revolving Credit Facility has a maximum total net leverage ratio equal to or less than 6.25:1.00 (with a reduction to 6.00:1.00 on and after the third anniversary of the closing date of the Credit Agreement) contingent on credit extensions in excess of 30% of the total amount of commitments available under the Revolving Credit Facility. Any failure to comply with the restrictions of the credit facilities may result in an event of default. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of February 27, 2021 and August 29, 2020, respectively.

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Long-term debt consists of the following:
(In thousands) February 27, 2021 August 29, 2020
Term Facility (effective rate of 4.8% at February 27, 2021)
$ 556,500 $ 606,500
Finance lease liabilities (effective rate of 5.6% at February 27, 2021)
826 922
Less: Deferred financing fees
8,164 10,272
Total debt
549,162 597,150
Less: Current finance lease liabilities
278 271
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees
$ 548,884 $ 596,879

The Company is not required to make principal payments on the Term Facility over the twelve months following the period ended February 27, 2021. The outstanding balance of the Term Facility is due upon its maturity in July 2024. Additionally, as of February 27, 2021 and August 29, 2020, there were no amounts drawn against the Revolving Credit Facility.

As of February 27, 2021, the Company had letters of credit in the amount of $4.2 million outstanding. These letters of credit offset against the availability of the Revolving Credit Facility and exist to support three of the Company's leased buildings and insurance programs relating to workers' compensation. No amounts were drawn against these letters of credit at February 27, 2021.

The Company utilizes market approaches to estimate the fair value of certain outstanding borrowings by discounting anticipated future cash flows derived from the contractual terms of the obligations and observable market interest and foreign exchange rates. The Company carries debt at historical cost and discloses fair value. As of February 27, 2021 and August 29, 2020, the book value of the Company's debt approximated fair value. The estimated fair value of the Term Loan is valued based on observable inputs and classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measurements, a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, is as follows:

Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company's own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated fair value as of February 27, 2021 and August 29, 2020 due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments.

8. Income Taxes

The tax expense and the effective tax rate resulting from operations were as follows:
Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
(In thousands) February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Income before income taxes $ 57,307 $ 8,057
Income tax expense $ 15,687 $ 2,193
Effective tax rate 27.4 % 27.2 %

The effective tax rate for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 was 0.2% greater than the effective tax rate for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, which was primarily driven by permanent differences.

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9. Leases

The components of lease expense were as follows:
Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
(In thousands) Statement of Operations Caption February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020 February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Operating lease cost:
Lease cost Cost of goods sold and General and administrative $ 1,496 $ 1,441 $ 2,994 $ 2,247
Variable lease cost (1)
Cost of goods sold and General and administrative 378 426 776 736
Operating lease cost 1,874 1,867 3,770 2,983
Short term lease cost General and administrative - 18 - 24
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets Cost of goods sold 68 66 136 136
Interest on lease liabilities Interest expense 12 16 25 32
Total finance lease cost 80 82 161 168
Total lease cost $ 1,954 $ 1,967 $ 3,931 $ 3,175
(1) Variable lease cost primarily consists of common area maintenance, such as cleaning and repairs.

In conjunction with the Company's restructuring activities as discussed in Note 14, the Company incurred impairment charges of $0.3 million and $0.7 million in the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021, respectively, related to its operating lease right-of-use assets for leases in Toronto, Ontario and the Netherlands. Additionally, the Company terminated the lease in Toronto, Ontario, which resulted in a gain on lease termination of $0.2 million in the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021. The effect of these restructuring activities has been included within General and administrativeon the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Refer to Note 14, Restructuring and Related Charges, for additional information regarding restructuring activities.

The gross amounts of assets and liabilities related to both operating and finance leases are as follows:
(In thousands) Balance Sheet Caption February 27, 2021 August 29, 2020
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets Other long-term assets $ 23,089 $ 25,703
Finance lease right-of-use assets Property and equipment, net 776 912
Total lease assets $ 23,865 $ 26,615
Liabilities
Current:
Operating lease liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 4,235 $ 4,329
Finance lease liabilities Current maturities of long-term debt 278 271
Long-term:
Operating lease liabilities Other long-term liabilities 20,880 22,764
Finance lease liabilities Long-term debt, less current maturities 548 651
Total lease liabilities $ 25,941 $ 28,015
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Future maturities of lease liabilities as of February 27, 2021 were as follows:
(In thousands) Operating Leases Finance Leases
Fiscal year ending:
Remainder of 2021 $ 2,935 $ 157
2022 4,607 313
2023 4,071 278
2024 4,232 145
2025 3,838 -
Thereafter 11,050 -
Total lease payments 30,733 893
Less: Interest (5,618) (67)
Present value of lease liabilities $ 25,115 $ 826

As of February 27, 2021, the Company had entered into a lease with estimated total minimum future lease payments of $32.2 million over a 10.0-year minimum lease term that had not yet commenced, and as a result it is not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company expects the lease to commence in fiscal year 2021, and the Company has the option to renew the lease for an additional 5.0 years or 10.0 years after the minimum lease term.

The weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for operating and finance leases were as follows:
February 27, 2021 August 29, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases 6.76 6.97
Finance leases 2.92 3.41
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases 5.8 % 5.7 %
Finance leases 5.6 % 5.6 %

Supplemental and other information related to leases was as follows:
Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
(In thousands) February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 3,689 $ 2,817
Operating cash flows from finance leases 12 9
Financing cash flows from finance leases $ 157 $ 157


10. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is a party to certain litigation and claims that are considered normal to the operations of the business. From time to time, the Company has been and may again become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not presently a party to any litigation that it believes to be material, and the Company is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against it that its management believes could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating result, financial condition or cash flows.

During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019, the Company reserved $3.5 million for the potential settlement of class action litigation concerning certain product label claims. During the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, the Company reserved an additional $0.3 million. The reserve was included within General and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, and the reserve was fully paid into escrow and settled during the fiscal year ended August 29, 2020.

As of February 27, 2021 and August 29, 2020, the Company had $0.7 million and $1.3 million reserved for potential settlements, respectively.
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Other

The Company has entered into endorsement contracts with certain celebrity figures and social media influencers to promote and endorse the Atkins and Quest brands and product lines. These contracts contain endorsement fees, which are expensed ratably over the life of the contract, and performance fees, that are recognized at the time of achievement. Based on the terms of the contracts in place and achievement of performance conditions as of February 27, 2021, the Company will be required to make payments of $2.8 million over the next year.

11. Stockholders' Equity

Public Equity Offering

On October 9, 2019, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 13,379,205 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $26.35 per share. The Company paid underwriting discounts and commissions of $0.19 per share resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $26.16 per share, or approximately $350.0 million (the 'Offering'). The Company paid $0.8 million for legal, accounting and registrations fees related to the Offering. The net proceeds were used to pay a portion of the purchase price and related fees and expenses for the Acquisition of Quest.

Equity Warrants

Prior to the Acquisition of Atkins, Conyers Park issued 6,700,000 private placement warrants. The Company assumed these private placement warrants in connection with the Acquisition of Atkins. As a result of the Acquisition of Atkins, the warrants issued by Conyers Park were no longer exercisable for shares of Conyers Park common stock, but were instead exercisable for common stock of the Company. All other features of the warrants were unchanged. As of February 27, 2021, the private placement warrants to purchase 6,700,000 shares of the Company's common stock remain outstanding.

Stock Repurchase Program

On November 13, 2018, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had adopted a $50.0 million stock repurchase program. Under the stock repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares or acquire shares over any specific period of time. The stock repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time by the Company and does not have an expiration date.

During the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020, the Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock. As of February 27, 2021, approximately $47.9 million remained available under the stock repurchase program.

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12. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding. In periods in which the Company has net income, diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding and the effect of all dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during each period. In periods in which the Company has a net loss, diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding as the effect of including common stock equivalents outstanding would be anti-dilutive.

The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used in the computations of both basic and diluted earnings per share:
Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
(In thousands, except per share data) February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020 February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Basic earnings per share computation:
Numerator:
Net income $ 19,120 $ 10,657 $ 41,620 $ 5,864
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares - basic 95,734,591 95,339,489 95,712,057 92,524,061
Basic earnings per share from net income $ 0.20 $ 0.11 $ 0.43 $ 0.06
Diluted earnings per share computation:
Numerator:
Net income $ 19,120 $ 10,657 $ 41,620 $ 5,864
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 95,734,591 95,339,489 95,712,057 92,524,061
Public and Private Warrants 3,928,303 3,706,986 3,607,125 3,766,141
Employee stock options 1,205,376 1,173,631 1,056,707 1,194,968
Non-vested shares 284,626 116,465 228,248 112,444
Weighted average common shares - diluted 101,152,896 100,336,571 100,604,137 97,597,614
Diluted earnings per share from net income $ 0.19 $ 0.11 $ 0.41 $ 0.06

Earnings per share calculations for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020 excluded 0.2 million and 0.4 million shares underlying stock options issuable upon exercise, respectively, that would have been anti-dilutive. Earnings per share calculations for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 excluded an immaterial number of non-vested shares that would have been anti-dilutive.

Earnings per share calculations for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020 excluded 0.6 million and 0.3 million shares underlying stock options issuable upon exercise, respectively, that would have been anti-dilutive. Earnings per share for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 excluded an immaterial number of non-vested shares that would have been anti-dilutive.

13. Omnibus Incentive Plan

Stock-based compensation includes stock options, restricted stock units, performance stock unit awards and stock appreciation rights, which are awarded to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award based on their grant date fair value. Stock-based compensation expense is included within General and administrativeexpense, which is the same financial statement caption where the recipient's other compensation is reported.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $2.5 million and $2.1 million in the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively, and $3.6 million and $3.8 million in the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively.
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Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021:
Shares Underlying Options Weighted Average
Exercise Price 		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding as of August 29, 2020 2,615,899 $ 14.33
Granted 289,555 20.47
Exercised (43,928) 12.00
Forfeited (39,575) 23.08
Outstanding as of February 27, 2021 2,821,951 $ 14.88 7.11
Vested and expected to vest as of February 27, 2021 2,821,951 $ 14.88 7.11
Exercisable as of February 27, 2021 2,197,655 $ 13.24 6.61

As of February 27, 2021, the Company had $3.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option plans that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years. During the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020, the Company received $0.5 million and $0.9 million in cash from stock option exercises, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021:
Restricted Stock Units Weighted average
grant-date fair value
Non-vested as of August 29, 2020 208,023 $ 22.82
Granted 311,873 21.57
Vested (72,568) 25.89
Forfeited (15,706) 22.99
Non-vested as of February 27, 2021 431,622 $ 21.39

As of February 27, 2021, the Company had $7.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years.

Performance Stock Units

During the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021, the Board of Directors granted performance stock units under the Company's equity compensation plan. Performance stock units vest in a range between 0% and 200% based upon certain performance criteria in a three-year period. Performance stock units were valued using a Monte-Carlo simulation.

The following table summarizes performance stock unit activity for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021:
Performance Stock Units Weighted average
grant-date fair value
Non-vested as of August 29, 2020 295,256 $ 17.93
Granted 116,309 23.59
Vested - -
Forfeited (26,400) 22.06
Non-vested as of February 27, 2021 385,165 $ 19.35

As of February 27, 2021, the Company had $4.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to performance stock units that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years.

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Stock Appreciation Rights

Stock appreciation rights ('SARs') permit the holder to participate in the appreciation of the Company's common stock price. The Company's SARs settle in shares of its common stock once the applicable vesting criteria has been met. SARs cliff vest 3 years from the date of grant and must be exercised within 10 years.

The following table summarizes SARs activity for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021:
Shares Underlying SARs Weighted average
exercise price 		Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)
Outstanding as of August 29, 2020 150,000 $ 24.20
Granted - -
Exercised - -
Forfeited - -
Outstanding as of February 27, 2021 150,000 $ 24.20 8.68
Vested and expected to vest as of February 27, 2021 150,000 $ 24.20 8.68
Exercisable as of February 27, 2021 - $ - 0.00

As of February 27, 2021, the Company had $0.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to its SARs that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

14. Restructuring and Related Charges

In May 2020, the Company announced certain restructuring activities in conjunction with the implementation of the Company's future-state organization design, which created a fully integrated organization with its completed Acquisition of Quest. The new organization design became effective on August 31, 2020. These restructuring plans primarily include workforce reductions, changes in management structure, and the relocation of business activities from one location to another.

The one-time termination benefits and employee severance costs to be incurred in relation to these restructuring activities are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, and ASC Topic 712, Compensation-Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits, respectively. The Company recognizes a liability and the related expense for these restructuring costs when the liability is incurred and can be measured. Restructuring accruals are based upon management estimates at the time and can change depending upon changes in facts and circumstances subsequent to the date the original liability was recorded.

Changes to the restructuring liability during the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 were as follows:
(in thousands) Termination benefits and severance Other Restructuring Liability
Balance as of August 29, 2020 $ 4,139 $ - $ 4,139
Charges 3,118 144 3,262
Cash payments (6,146) (144) (6,290)
Non-cash settlements or adjustments - - -
Balance as of February 27, 2021 $ 1,111 $ - $ 1,111

In addition to the restructuring costs shown above, the Company incurred impairment charges of $0.3 million and $0.7 million in the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021, respectively, related to its operating lease right-of-use assets for leases in Toronto, Ontario and the Netherlands. Additionally, the Company terminated the lease in Toronto, Ontario, which resulted in a gain on lease termination of $0.2 million in the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021. As a result, for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021, the Company incurred a total of $1.3 million and $3.8 million in restructuring and restructuring related costs, respectively, which have been included within General and administrativeon the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

As of February 27, 2021, the Company has incurred aggregate restructuring and restructuring-related costs of $9.3 million since May 2020. Overall, the Company expects to incur a total of approximately $10.0 million in restructuring and restructuring related costs, which are to be paid throughout fiscal 2021 and the first quarter of fiscal 2022.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this 'Report') contains forward-looking statements. When used anywhere in this Report, the words 'expect,' 'believe,' 'anticipate,' 'estimate,' 'intend,' 'plan' and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial or operational performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These statements include, but are not limited to, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We disclaim any undertaking to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions subject to risks and uncertainties. Such risks and uncertainties include those related to our ability to sell our products.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 29, 2020 ('Annual Report') and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements, including but not limited to, statements regarding the Company's expectation for future performance, liquidity and capital resources that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company's expectations. The Company's actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include those identified in Item 1A. 'Risk Factors' of our Annual Report. The Company assumes no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

Unless the context requires otherwise in this Report, the terms 'we,' 'us,' 'our,' the 'Company' and 'Simply Good Foods' refer to The Simply Good Foods Company and its subsidiaries.

Overview

The Simply Good Foods Company is a consumer-packaged food and beverage company that aims to lead the nutritious snacking movement with trusted brands that offer a variety of convenient, innovative, great-tasting, better-for-you snacks and meal replacements. Our nutritious snacking platform consists of the following core brands that specialize in providing products for consumers that follow certain nutritional philosophies, dietary approaches and/or health-and-wellness trends: Atkins® for those following a low-carb lifestyle; and Quest® for consumers seeking to partner with a brand that makes the foods they crave work for them, not against them, through a variety of protein-rich foods and beverages that also limit sugars and simple carbs. We distribute our products in major retail channels, primarily in North America, including grocery, club and mass merchandise, as well as through e-commerce, convenience, specialty and other channels. Our portfolio of nutritious snacking brands gives us a strong platform with which to introduce new products, expand distribution, and attract new consumers to our products. Our platform also positions us to continue to selectively pursue acquisition opportunities of brands in the nutritious snacking category.

To that end, in November 2019, we completed the acquisition of Quest Nutrition, LLC ('Quest'), a healthy lifestyle food company, for a cash purchase price of approximately $1.0 billion (subject to customary adjustments) (the 'Acquisition of Quest'). For more information, please see 'Liquidity and Capital Resources - Acquisition of Quest.'

Effects of COVID-19

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease, or COVID-19, was reported and in January 2020, the World Health Organization, or WHO, declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. On February 28, 2020, the WHO raised its assessment of the COVID-19 threat from high to very high at a global level due to the continued increase in the number of cases and affected countries, and on March 11, 2020, the WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ('CARES') Act was signed into law. The CARES Act provided a substantial stimulus and assistance package intended to address the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, including tax relief and government loans, grants and investments. Additionally, various federal, state and local government-imposed movement restrictions and initiatives have been implemented to reduce the global transmission of COVID-19, including reduced or eliminated food services, the closure of retailing establishments, the promotion of social distancing and the adoption of remote working policies.

Beginning in the third quarter of 2020, we actively engaged with the various elements of our value chain, including our customers, contract manufacturers, and logistics and transportation providers, to meet demand for our products and to remain informed of any challenges within our value chain. Given the unpredictable nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and the initial surge in consumption, we increased finished goods inventory of some of our key products. In the fourth quarter of 2020 and continuing into the second quarter of 2021, consumer consumption habits became more steady and inventory levels normalized. Based on information available to us as of the date of this Report, we believe we will be able to deliver our products to meet customer orders on a timely basis, and therefore, we expect our products will continue to be available for purchase to meet consumer meal replacement and snacking needs for the foreseeable future.
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We continue to monitor customer and consumer demand, and intend to adapt our plans as needed to continue to drive our business and meet our obligations during the evolving COVID-19 situation.

We implemented remote work arrangements and restricted business travel in March 2020, and to date, these arrangements have not materially affected our ability to maintain our business operations, including the operation of financial reporting systems, internal control over financial reporting, and disclosure controls and procedures. We believe our lean infrastructure, which allows for significant flexibility, speed-to-market and minimal capital investment, has enabled us to adjust our expenditures to maintain cash flow until the more fulsome reopening of the U.S. economy and the associated return of shopping behavior to more normal patterns occurs. We also believe the return of these shopping patterns along with our brand benefits of active nutrition and weight management will drive more better-for-you snacking and meal replacement usage occasions.

During the fiscal second quarter of 2021, several vaccines were first authorized for use against COVID-19 in the United States and internationally. As a result of distribution of the vaccines, various federal, state and local government have begun to ease the movement restrictions and initiatives while continuing to adhere to enhanced safety measures, such as physical distancing and face mask protocols. However, the uncertainty continues to exist regarding the severity and duration of the pandemic, the speed and effectiveness of vaccine and treatment developments and deployment, potential mutations of COVID-19, and the effect of actions taken and that will be taken to contain COVID-19 or treat its effect, among others.

Our consolidated results of operations for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 continued to be affected by changes in consumer shopping and consumption behavior due to COVID-19. The nutritional snacking category has experienced a marked decrease in shopping trips (particularly in the mass channel) and fewer usage occasions. There is still uncertainty related to the duration of reduced consumer mobility and when shopping trips will return to pre-pandemic levels, particularly in the mass market retail channel. This has affected our portable and convenient on-the-go products, especially the nutrition and protein bar portion of our business for both our Atkins and Quest brands. While our Quest brand has outperformed its portion of the nutritious snaking segment, the performance of our Atkins brand, which is part of the weight management portion of the market, has remained slower due to what we believe is the temporary softer interest in weight management for consumers, fewer on-the-go usage occasions and weakness in the mass channel that has experienced reduced shopper traffic during the pandemic.

We remain uncertain of the ultimate effect COVID-19 could have on our business notwithstanding the distribution of several U.S. government approved vaccines and various federal, state and local governments having begun to ease the movement restrictions and public health initiatives while continuing to adhere to enhanced safety measures, such as physical distancing and face mask protocols. This uncertainty as to the duration and severity of economic effects from severity of economic effects from the COVID-19 pandemic stems from the potential for, among other things, (i) continued rates of reported cases of COVID-19 and the potential for mutations of COVID-19 to result in increased rates of reported cases for which currently approved vaccines are not effective, (ii) unexpected supply chain disruptions, (iii) changes to customer operations, (iv) continued or additional changes in consumer purchasing and consumption behavior beyond those evidenced to date, and (v) the closure of customer establishments.

Restructuring and Related Charges

In May 2020, we announced certain restructuring activities in conjunction with the implementation of our future-state organization design, which created a fully integrated organization with our completed Acquisition of Quest. The new organization design became effective on August 31, 2020. These restructuring plans primarily include workforce reductions, changes in management structure, and the relocation of business activities from one location to another.

For the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021, we incurred a total of $1.3 million and $3.8 million in restructuring and restructuring related costs, respectively, which have been included within General and administrativeon the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. As of February 27, 2021, we have incurred aggregate restructuring and restructuring related costs of $9.3 million since May 2020. Overall, we expect to incur a total of approximately $10.0 million in restructuring and restructuring-related costs, which are to be paid throughout fiscal 2021 and the first quarter of fiscal 2022. Refer to Note 14, Restructuring and Related Charges, of our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report for additional information regarding restructuring activities.

SimplyProtein Sale

Effective September 24, 2020, we sold the assets exclusively related to our SimplyProtein® brand of products for approximately $8.8 million of consideration, including cash of $5.8 million and a note receivable for $3.0 million, to a newly formed entity led by the Company's former Canadian-based management team who had been responsible for this brand prior to the sale transaction (the 'SimplyProtein Sale'). In addition to purchasing these assets, the buyer assumed certain liabilities related to the SimplyProtein brand's business. There was no gain or loss recognized as a result of the SimplyProtein Sale. The transaction enables our management to focus its full time and our resources on our core Atkins® and Quest® branded businesses and other strategic initiatives.

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Key Financial Definitions

Net sales.Net sales consist primarily of product sales less the cost of promotional activities, slotting fees and other sales credits and adjustments, including product returns.

Cost of goods sold.Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the costs we pay to our contract manufacturing partners to produce the products sold. These costs include the purchase of raw ingredients, packaging, shipping and handling, warehousing, depreciation of warehouse equipment, and a tolling charge for the contract manufacturer. Cost of goods sold includes products provided at no charge as part of promotions and the non-food materials provided with customer orders.

Operating expenses.Operating expenses consist primarily of selling and marketing, general and administrative, depreciation and amortization, and business transaction costs. The following is a brief description of the components of operating expenses:

•Selling and marketing.Selling and marketing expenses are comprised of broker commissions, customer marketing, media and other marketing costs.

•General and administrative.General and administrative expenses are comprised of expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our business, including employee salaries, professional services, integration costs, restructuring costs, insurance and other general corporate expenses.

•Depreciation and amortization.Depreciation and amortization costs consist of costs associated with the depreciation of fixed assets and capitalized leasehold improvements and amortization of intangible assets.

•Business transaction costs.Business transaction costs are comprised of legal, due diligence, consulting and accounting firm expenses associated with the process of actively pursuing potential and completed business combinations, including the Acquisition of Quest.

Results of Operations

In the second quarter of fiscal 2021, we were able to continue to drive net sales and earnings growth in a challenging operating environment. The strong performance of the Quest brand drove the increases in net sales and net income for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. We are encouraged by our business's performance in the first half of fiscal year 2021, including the momentum of the Quest brand and the progress made against our strategic initiatives, however there is still uncertainty related to when customer mobility, consumption behavior and shopping trips will return to pre-COVID-19 levels. However, we anticipate there will be overall marketplace trend improvements in the second half of fiscal 2021 as consumer mobility and on-the-go consumption increases.

In assessing the performance of our business, we consider a number of key performance indicators used by management and typically used by our competitors, including the non-GAAP measure Adjusted EBITDA. Because not all companies use identical calculations, this presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. See 'Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA' below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income for each applicable period.

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Table of Contents
Comparison of Unaudited Results for the Thirteen Weeks Ended February 27, 2021 and the Thirteen Weeks Ended February 29, 2020

The following unaudited table presents, for the periods indicated, selected information from our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, including information presented as a percentage of net sales:
Thirteen Weeks Ended
Thirteen Weeks Ended
(In thousands) February 27, 2021 % of Sales February 29, 2020
% of Sales
Net sales $ 230,607 100.0 % $ 227,101 100.0 %
Cost of goods sold 140,342 60.9 % 141,707 62.4 %
Gross profit 90,265 39.1 % 85,394 37.6 %
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing 26,150 11.3 % 27,041 11.9 %
General and administrative 26,562 11.5 % 28,103 12.4 %
Depreciation and amortization 4,212 1.8 % 4,287 1.9 %
Business transaction costs - - % 694 0.3 %
Total operating expenses 56,924 24.7 % 60,125 26.5 %
Income from operations 33,341 14.5 % 25,269 11.1 %
Other income (expense):
Interest income - - % 85 - %
Interest expense (7,995) (3.5) % (10,589) (4.7) %
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions 975 0.4 % (194) (0.1) %
Other income 112 - % 8 - %
Total other expense (6,908) (3.0) % (10,690) (4.7) %
Income before income taxes 26,433 11.5 % 14,579 6.4 %
Income tax expense 7,313 3.2 % 3,922 1.7 %
Net income $ 19,120 8.3 % $ 10,657 4.7 %
Other financial data:
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$ 42,644 18.5 % $ 41,731 18.4 %

(1)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial metric. See 'Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA' below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income for each applicable period.

Net sales. Net sales of $230.6 million represented an increase of $3.5 million, or 1.5%, for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. The net sales increase of 1.5% was primarily driven by Quest brand net sales growth and solid e-commerce growth across both the Atkins brand and Quest brand. The increase was partially offset by a 1.2% decrease in net sales due to the SimplyProtein Sale and the restructuring related business activities in Europe in fiscal year 2021. Additionally, net sales in the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 were negatively affected by the timing of seasonal inventory shipments as well as higher trade promotions.

Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold decreased $1.4 million, or 1.0%, for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. The cost of goods sold decrease was driven by the effect of the $5.1 million non-cash inventory step-up related to the Acquisition of Quest in fiscal year 2020, partially offset by sales volume growth primarily attributable to the Quest brand as discussed above.

Gross profit. Gross profit increased $4.9 million, or 5.7%, for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. Gross profit of $90.3 million, or 39.1% of net sales, for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 increased 150 basis points from 37.6% of net sales for the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase in gross profit margin was primarily the result of a $5.1 million non-cash inventory purchase accounting step-up adjustment which resulted in a 220 basis point headwind in fiscal year 2020. This increase was partially offset by higher trade promotions in fiscal year 2021.

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Table of Contents
Operating expenses. Operating expenses decreased $3.2 million, or 5.3%, for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 due to the following:

•Selling and marketing. Selling and marketing expenses decreased $0.9 million, or 3.3%, for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. The decrease was primarily related to the SimplyProtein Sale and the restructuring related business activities in Europe in fiscal year 2021.

•General and administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased $1.5 million, or 5.5%, for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $2.9 million reduction in costs related to the integration of Quest, partially offset by an increase in restructuring charges of $1.3 million in the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021.

•Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased slightly to $4.2 million for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to $4.3 million for the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020.

•Business transaction costs. Business transaction costs were $0.7 million for the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 and was comprised of expenses related to the Acquisition of Quest.

Interest income. Interest income was nominal for each of the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020.

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased $2.6 million for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 primarily due to principal payments reducing the outstanding balance of the Term Facility (as defined below) to $556.5 million as of February 27, 2021 from $635.5 million as of February 29, 2020.

Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions. A gain of $1.0 million in foreign currency transactions was recorded for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to a foreign currency loss of $0.2 million for the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. The change relates to changes in foreign currency rates related to international operations.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense increased $3.4 million, for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase in our income tax expense is primarily driven by higher pre-tax book income offset by permanent differences.

Net income. Net income was $19.1 million for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021, an increase of $8.5 million compared to net income of $10.7 million for the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase was primarily related to increased gross profit as well as reductions to operating expenses and interest expense as discussed above.

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA increased $0.9 million, or 2.2%, for the thirteen weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure, see 'Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA' below.

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Comparison of Unaudited Results for the Twenty-Six Weeks Ended February 27, 2021 and the Twenty-Six Weeks Ended February 29, 2020

The following unaudited table presents, for the periods indicated, selected information from our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, including information presented as a percentage of net sales:
Twenty-Six Weeks Ended Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
(In thousands) February 27, 2021 % of Sales February 29, 2020
% of Sales
Net sales $ 461,759 100.0 % $ 379,254 100.0 %
Cost of goods sold 277,453 60.1 % 231,654 61.1 %
Gross profit 184,306 39.9 % 147,600 38.9 %
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing 51,345 11.1 % 45,475 12.0 %
General and administrative 51,977 11.3 % 46,248 12.2 %
Depreciation and amortization 8,456 1.8 % 6,740 1.8 %
Business transaction costs - - % 26,853 7.1 %
Total operating expenses 111,778 24.2 % 125,316 33.0 %
Income from operations 72,528 15.7 % 22,284 5.9 %
Other income (expense):
Interest income 3 - % 1,464 0.4 %
Interest expense (16,367) (3.5) % (15,558) (4.1) %
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions 984 0.2 % (178) - %
Other income 159 - % 45 - %
Total other expense (15,221) (3.3) % (14,227) (3.8) %
Income before income taxes 57,307 12.4 % 8,057 2.1 %
Income tax expense 15,687 3.4 % 2,193 0.6 %
Net income $ 41,620 9.0 % $ 5,864 1.5 %
Other financial data:
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$ 91,341 19.8 % $ 73,526 19.4 %

(1)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial metric. See 'Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA' below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income for each applicable period.

Net sales. Net sales of $461.8 million represented an increase of $82.5 million, or 21.8%, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The net sales increase of 21.8% was primarily attributable to the Quest brand, which increased net sales by 25.2%, due to Quest's partial inclusion in our results of operations in fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2021 as well as post-acquisition Quest brand sales volume growth. These increases in net sales were partially offset by decreased sales volume of approximately 1.4% related to the SimplyProtein Sale and the restructuring related business activities in Europe in fiscal year 2021. Additionally, the continued effects of COVID-19 related movement restrictions as well as higher trade promotions partially offset the overall increase in net sales.

Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold increased $45.8 million, or 19.8%, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The cost of goods sold increase was driven by sales volume growth primarily attributable to the Quest brand as discussed above, which was partially offset by the effect of the $7.5 million non-cash inventory step-up related to the Acquisition of Quest.

Gross profit. Gross profit increased $36.7 million, or 24.9%, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. Gross profit of $184.3 million, or 39.9% of net sales, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 increased 100 basis points from 38.9% of net sales for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase in gross margin was primarily the result of the $7.5 million non-cash inventory step-up related to the Acquisition of Quest in fiscal year 2020 offset by higher trade promotions in fiscal year 2021.
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Operating expenses. Operating expenses decreased $13.5 million, or 10.8%, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 due to the following:

•Selling and marketing. Selling and marketing expenses increased $5.9 million, or 12.9%, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase was primarily related to Quest's partial inclusion in our results of operations in fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2021, which was partially offset by decreased selling and marketing expenses related to the SimplyProtein Sale and the restructuring related business activities in Europe.

•General and administrative. General and administrative expenses increased $5.7 million, or 12.4%, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to Quest's partial inclusion in our results of operations in fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2021 as well as restructuring charges of $3.8 million in fiscal year 2021. These increases were partially offset by the reductions in costs related to the integration of Quest and stock-based compensation.

•Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $1.7 million, or 25.5%, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase was primarily due to the partial inclusion amortization expense related to intangible assets recognized in the Acquisition of Quest in fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2021.

•Business transaction costs. Business transaction costs were $26.9 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and was comprised of expenses related to the Acquisition of Quest.

Interest income. Interest income decreased $1.5 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, primarily due to $195.3 million of cash on hand being utilized for the Acquisition of Quest in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 and lower market rates.

Interest expense. Interest expense increased $0.8 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, primarily due to the funding of the Term Facility in the amount of $460.0 million to partially finance the Acquisition of Quest in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions. A gain of $1.0 million in foreign currency transactions was recorded for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to a foreign currency loss of $0.2 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The change relates to changes in foreign currency rates related to international operations.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense increased $13.5 million, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase in our income tax expense was primarily driven by higher pre-tax book income offset by permanent difference.

Net income. Net income was $41.6 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 an increase of $35.8 million compared to net income of $5.9 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase was primarily related to increased gross profit as discussed above and decreased transaction costs related to the Acquisition of Quest in fiscal year 2020.

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA increased $17.8 million, or 24.2%, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, driven primarily by the Acquisition of Quest. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure, see 'Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA' below.

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Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure commonly used in our industry and should not be construed as an alternative to net income as an indicator of operating performance or as an alternative to cash flow provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity (each as determined in accordance with GAAP). Simply Good Foods defines Adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization) as net income before interest income, interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization with further adjustments to exclude the following items: business transaction costs, stock-based compensation expense, inventory step-up, integration costs, restructuring costs, non-core legal costs, and other non-core expenses. The Company believes that the inclusion of these supplementary adjustments in presenting Adjusted EBITDA, when used in conjunction with net income, are useful to provide additional information to investors, and management of the Company uses Adjusted EBITDA to supplement net income because it reflects more accurately operating results of the on-going operations, enhances the overall understanding of past financial performance and future prospects and allows for greater transparency with respect to the key metrics the Company uses in its financial and operational decision making. The Company also believes that Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in its industry.Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to differences in the non-GAAP calculation.

The following unaudited tables below provide a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure, which is net income, for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 and February 29, 2020:
(In thousands) Thirteen Weeks Ended Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020 February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Net income $ 19,120 $ 10,657 $ 41,620 $ 5,864
Interest income - (85) (3) (1,464)
Interest expense 7,995 10,589 16,367 15,558
Income tax expense 7,313 3,922 15,687 2,193
Depreciation and amortization 4,508 4,594 9,021 7,119
EBITDA 38,936 29,677 82,692 29,270
Business transaction costs - 694 - 26,853
Stock-based compensation expense 2,484 2,122 3,594 3,795
Inventory step-up - 5,085 - 7,522
Integration of Quest 968 3,903 2,214 5,341
Restructuring 1,267 - 3,786 -
Non-core legal costs - 76 - 555
Other (1)
(1,011) 174 (945) 190
Adjusted EBITDA $ 42,644 $ 41,731 $ 91,341 $ 73,526
(1)Other items consist principally of exchange impact of foreign currency transactions and other expenses.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We have historically funded our operations with cash flow from operations and, when needed, with borrowings under our credit facilities. Our principal uses of cash have been debt service, working capital and the Acquisition of Quest.

We had $91.3 million in cash and cash equivalents as of February 27, 2021. We believe our sources of liquidity and capital will be sufficient to finance our continued operations, growth strategy and additional expenses we expect to incur for at least the next twelve months. As circumstances warrant, we may issue debt and/or equity securities from time to time on an opportunistic basis, dependent upon market conditions and available pricing. We make no assurance that we can issue and sell such securities on acceptable terms or at all.

Debt and Credit Facilities

On July 7, 2017, we entered into a credit agreement with Barclays Bank PLC and other parties (as amended to date, the 'Credit Agreement'). The Credit Agreement provides for (i) a term facility of $200.0 million ('Term Facility') with a seven year maturity and (ii) a revolving credit facility of up to $75.0 million (the 'Revolving Credit Facility') with a five year maturity. Substantially concurrent with the consummation of the Acquisition of Atkins, the full $200.0 million of the Term Facility (the 'Term Loan') was drawn. The interest rate per annum is based on either (i) a base rate equaling the higher of (a) the 'prime rate', (b) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (c) the Euro-currency rate applicable for an interest period of one month plus 1.00% plus (x) 3.00% margin for the Term Loan or (y) 2.00% margin for the Revolving Credit Facility, or (ii) London Interbank Offered Rate ('LIBOR') adjusted for statutory reserve requirements, plus (x) 4.00% margin for the Term Loan subject to a floor of 1.00% or (y) 3.00% margin for the Revolving Credit Facility. As security for the payment or performance of its debt, we have pledged certain equity interests in its subsidiaries.

On March 16, 2018 (the 'Amendment Date'), we entered into an amendment (the 'Repricing Amendment') to the Credit Agreement. As a result of the Repricing Amendment, the interest rate on the Term Loan was reduced and, as of the Amendment Date, such loans had an interest rate equal to, at our option, either LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 3.50% or a base rate plus an applicable margin of 2.50%. The Repricing Amendment did not change the interest rate on the Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility continued to bear interest based upon our consolidated net leverage ratio as of the last financial statements delivered to the administrative agent. No additional debt was incurred, or any proceeds received, by us in connection with the Repricing Amendment. The incremental fees paid to the administrative agent are reflected as additional debt discount and are amortized over the terms of the long-term financing agreements using the effective-interest method.

On November 7, 2019, we entered into an amendment (the 'Incremental Facility Amendment') to the Credit Agreement to increase the principal borrowed on the Term Facility by $460.0 million. The Term Facility together with the incremental borrowing make up the Initial Term Loans (as defined in the Incremental Facility Amendment) and as of the Amendment No. 2 Effective Date (as defined in the Incremental Facility Amendment), the Initial Term Loans bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 3.75% or a base rate plus an applicable margin of 2.75%. The Incremental Facility Amendment was executed to partially finance the Acquisition of Quest. No amounts under the Term Facility were repaid as a result of the execution of the Incremental Facility Amendment.

The Applicable Rate per annum applicable to the loans under the Credit Agreement Amendment is, with respect to any Initial Term Loan that is an ABR Loan (as defined in the Credit Agreement), 2.75% per annum, and with respect to any Initial Term Loan that is a Eurodollar Loan, 3.75% per annum. The incremental term loans will mature on the maturity date applicable to the Initial Term Loans, which date is July 7, 2024.

The Credit Agreement contains certain financial and other covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur and/or undertake asset sales and other dispositions, liens, indebtedness, certain acquisitions and investments, consolidations, mergers, reorganizations and other fundamental changes, payment of dividends and other distributions to equity and warrant holders, and prepayments of material subordinated debt, in each case, subject to customary exceptions materially consistent with credit facilities of such type and size. The Revolving Credit Facility has a maximum total net leverage ratio equal to or less than 6.25:1.00 (with a reduction to 6.00:1.00 on and after the third anniversary of the closing date of the Credit Agreement) contingent on credit extensions in excess of 30% of the total amount of commitments available under the Revolving Credit Facility. Any failure to comply with the restrictions of the credit facilities may result in an event of default. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of February 27, 2021 and August 29, 2020, respectively.

At February 27, 2021, the outstanding balance of the Term Facility was $556.5 million. We are not required to make principal payments on the Term Facility over the twelve months following the period ended February 27, 2021. The outstanding balance of the Term Facility is due upon its maturity in July 2024. As of February 27, 2021, there were no amounts drawn against the Revolving Credit Facility.

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Public Equity Offering

On October 9, 2019, we completed an underwritten public offering of 13,379,205 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $26.35 per share. We paid underwriting discounts and commissions of $0.19 per share resulting in net proceeds to us of $26.16 per share, or approximately $350.0 million (the 'Offering'). We paid $0.8 million for legal, accounting and registrations fees related to the Offering. The net proceeds were used to pay a portion of the purchase price and related fees and expenses for the Acquisition of Quest.

Acquisition of Quest

On August 21, 2019, our wholly-owned subsidiary Simply Good USA entered into the Purchase Agreement with VMG Voyage Holdings, LLC, VMG Tax-Exempt II, L.P., Voyage Employee Holdings, LLC, and other sellers, as defined in the Purchase Agreement, to acquire Quest, a healthy lifestyle food company. On November 7, 2019, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Simply Good USA completed the Acquisition of Quest, for a cash purchase price of approximately $1.0 billion, subject to customary post-closing adjustments.

The Acquisition of Quest was funded through a combination of cash, equity and debt financing. Total consideration paid on the closing date was $988.9 million. Cash sources of funding included $195.3 million of cash on hand, net proceeds of approximately $350.0 million from an underwritten public offering of common stock, and $443.6 million of new term loan debt. In the third fiscal quarter of 2020, we received a post-closing release from escrow of approximately $2.1 million related to net working capital adjustments, resulting in a total net consideration paid of $986.8 million as of February 27, 2021. For the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, we incurred business transaction costs $0.7 million and $26.9 million, respectively.

Equity Warrants

The Company's private placement warrants to purchase 6,700,000 shares of common stock remain outstanding.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the major sources and uses of cash for each of the periods set forth below (in thousands):

Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
February 27, 2021 February 29, 2020
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
$ 39,764 $ (14,886)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
$ 5,237 $ (985,932)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
$ (49,893) $ 780,705

Operating activities. Our net cash provided by operating activities increased $54.7 million to $39.8 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to cash used in operating activities of $14.9 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily caused by higher income before taxes, which was driven by (i) the Quest brand sales volume growth, which increased net sales by 25.2%, due to Quest's partial inclusion in our results of operations in fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2021 as well as post-acquisition Quest brand sales volume growth and (ii) significant reductions in cash outlays and changes in working capital related to the first quarter 2020 Acquisition of Quest, including decreases in business transaction costs of $26.9 million and integration costs of $3.1 million. These increases in cash provided by operations were partially offset by $6.3 million of cash payments made for restructuring related costs, predominately composed of termination benefits and severance payments, during the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021. Additionally, cash paid for taxes increased $5.7 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020.

Investing activities. Our net cash provided by investing activities was $5.2 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021, which was primarily related to the $5.8 million of cash proceeds received from the SimplyProtein Sale. The net cash used in investing activities of $985.9 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 was primarily related to the cash paid for the Acquisition of Quest, net of cash acquired, of $984.2 million.

Financing activities. Our net cash used in financing activities was $49.9 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $780.7 million for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020. Net cash used in financing activities for the twenty-six weeks ended February 27, 2021 primarily consisted of a $50.0 million principal payment on the Term Facility. For the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities included gross proceeds of $352.5 million from the Offering offset by issuance costs of $3.3 million, proceeds of $460.0 million from the Term Facility borrowing related to the Incremental Facility Amendment offset by issuance costs of $8.2 million, and a $21.0 million principal payment on the Term Facility.

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Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations are related to our Credit Agreement and our finance and operating leases. There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations from our Annual Report.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of February 27, 2021, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, income or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of critical accounting policies that affect our significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, refer to our Annual Report. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies since August 29, 2020. Refer to Note 2 of our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in this Report for further information regarding recently issued accounting standards.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There were no material changes in our market risk exposure during the thirteen week period ended February 27, 2021. While the Company's input costs are not expected to have a meaningful negative effect on results of operations and financial condition for fiscal year 2021, the Company is seeing some inflationary pressure as it analyzes its fiscal year 2022 input requirements. As a result, the Company is assessing available alternatives to mitigate potential input cost inflation for fiscal year 2022. For a discussion of our market risks, see 'Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk' in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 'Exchange Act'), that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosures.

Management, including the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation (pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act) of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of February 27, 2021, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended February 27, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Additionally, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we have been and may again become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any litigation that we believe to be material and we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Readers should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. 'Risk Factors' in our Annual Report, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or future results. There have been no material changes in our risk factors included in our Annual Report. The risks described in our Annual Report are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No. Document
31.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act.
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

By:
THE SIMPLY GOOD FOODS COMPANY

/s/ Timothy A. Matthews
Date: April 7, 2021 Name: Timothy A. Matthews
Title: Vice President, Controller, and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

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