04/26/2024 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 04/26/2024 07:18
On April 19, 2024, employers received new clarity on employees' rights and protections related to pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions and employers' duties to accommodate such conditions in a new final rule ("Final Rule") published by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) implementing the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA). Before the Final Rule's effective date, June 18, 2024, employers should familiarize themselves with these expansive requirements under the PWFA.
The PWFA, which went into effect on June 27, 2023, prohibits private- and public-sector employers with 15 or more employees from:
42 U.S.C. § 2000gg-1.
The EEOC states that this newly published Final Rule "provides clarity to employers and workers about who is covered [by the PWFA], the types of limitations and medical conditions covered, how individuals can request reasonable accommodations, and numerous concrete examples." In the Final Rule, the EEOC defined the PWFA's coverage broadly to include current pregnancy, past pregnancy, potential pregnancy, lactation (including breastfeeding and pumping), use of contraception, menstruation, infertility and fertility treatments, endometriosis, miscarriage, stillbirth, or having or choosing not to have an abortion, among other conditions. Notably, there is no requirement that the physical or mental condition rises to a specific level of severity. Under the Final Rule, the physical or mental condition causing a working limitation may be modest, minor, and/or episodic.
Among the new clarifications and requirements provided by the 408-page Final Rule and interpretive guidance are the following:
While the EEOC presumes the above changes will not impose an undue hardship in virtually all cases, an employer may, on an individual case-by-case basis, show that they do create an undue hardship.
The Final Rule has received criticism for its expansiveness. Notably, EEOC Commissioner Andrea Lucas, one of the five appointed members to the Commission, issued a press release following the Final Rule's publication. Ms. Lucas stated, "I support elements of the final rule. However, I was unable to approve it because it purports to broaden the scope of the statute in ways that, in my view, cannot reasonably be reconciled with the text.… The Commission extends the new accommodation requirements to reach virtually every condition, circumstance, or procedure that relates to any aspect of the female reproductive system."
Although the EEOC's new Final Rule is expansive and confirms that the PWFA provides certain protections for employees and applicants who choose to have an abortion, it also clarifies that the PWFA does not require employers or employer-sponsored health plans to cover any specific items, procedures, or treatments, including abortion. Also, as with the ADA, any leave of absence an employee requests under the PWFA as a form of accommodation does not have to be paid.
Employers should confirm they are in compliance with the PWFA. Human Resources Departments should familiarize themselves with the Final Rule and train supervisors on pregnancy and childbirth-related accommodation requests. Given the expansive protections afforded to workers in the Final Rule, supervisors should be informed of the different types of conditions that can be related to pregnancy and childbirth and not deny accommodation requests without consulting Human Resources. Before an employer denies an accommodation request, including taking the position that an accommodation causes an undue burden, employers should consult legal counsel.
For more information about the PWFA, please contact the authors or any member of Frost Brown Todd's Labor and Employment Team.