Income Distribution Statistics, 2022

The income information regarding the Income and Living Conditions Survey, in which Income Distribution Statistics are calculated, 2022 results refers to the year 2021, the previous calendar year. In the calculation of income, the household's income is converted into the equivalent household disposable income by taking into account the size and composition of the household.

According to the survey results, the share of the top quintile by the equivalised household disposable income was 48.0% recording an increase of 1.3 points whilst the share of the bottom quintile was 6.0% with a decrease of 0.1 points in comparison with the previous year.

Gini coefficient one of the measures of income inequality varies between 0, which reflects complete equality and 1, which indicates complete inequality. In the calculation of Gini coefficient, the household disposable income, which was found by subtracting the taxes paid in the income reference period and regular transfers to other households or persons from the sum of annual incomes of the household and the individuals, was used.

Gini coefficient, which was estimated only over the equivalised household disposable income in previous years, was calculated with two additional different methods, such as excluding all social transfers, excluding all other social transfers while including pensions and survivors' benefits, to see the effects of social transfers on income distribution.

According to the 2022 results, Gini coefficient was estimated 0.415 with an increase of 0.014 points compared with the previous year. Gini coefficient was estimated 0.487 when excluding all social transfers and 0.423 when including pensions and survivors' benefits and excluding all other social transfers.

S80/S20 ratio calculated as the ratio of total income received by the richest 20% of the population to that received by the poorest 20% of the population increased from 7.6 to 7.9, while the S90/S10 ratio, which is calculated as the ratio of total income received by the richest 10% of the population to that received by the poorest 10% of the population increased from 13.7 to 14.2.

The mean annual household disposable income was 98 thousand 416 TL in 2022 with an increase of 28.3% compared to previous year in Türkiye.

In Türkiye, the mean annual equivalised household disposable income increased by 30.1% compared to the previous year from 37 thousand 400 TL to 48 thousand 642 TL.

One person households had the highest mean annual equivalised household disposable income

According to the household type, the highest mean annual equivalised household disposable income observed among the one person households with 62 thousand 554 TL with an increase of 13 thousand 257 TL compared to previous year. The mean annual equivalised household disposable income of the multi-person no-family households 60 thousand 696 TL while this income of the one-family households was 49 thousand 902 TL. The household type with the lowest mean annual equivalised disposable income was extended-family households with 36 thousand 210 TL.

Mean annual equivalised household disposable income by household type (TL), 2021, 2022

Wages and salaries held the highest proportion of total income with 46.2%

The ratio of wage and salaries got the highest rate with 46.2% of total equivalised household disposable income with a decrease 0.9 point compared with the previous year. This was followed by the entrepreneurial incomes 21.0% with an increase 3.5 points and social transfers 20.2% with a decrease 3.7 points compared to 2021.

The share of agricultural income in the entrepreneurial income was realized as 19.8%. Pensions and survivors' benefits composed 89.8% of social transfers.

Distribution by types of income and point changes, 2021, 2022

Higher education graduates had the highest mean annual income at main job with 87 thousand 451 TL

Mean annual income at main job was calculated as 87 thousand 451 TL for higher education graduates, 62 thousand 835 TL for high or equivalent school graduates, 46 thousand 916 TL for those with less than high school education 34 thousand 755 TL for those who do not graduate from a school and 25 thousand 406 TL for illiterate individuals. In 2022, compared to 2021, the highest increase in income at main job was observed in the literate with no degree individuals with 34.1% and the lowest increase was in illiterate individuals with 28.1%.

Mean annual income at main job by education status (TL), 2021, 2022

Agricultural sector held the highest increase of total income with 41.3%

When the mean annual income at main job are analyzed in branches of economic activity; it was observed that the highest mean annual income was in the service sector with 66 thousand 072 TL and the lowest mean annual income was in the agricultural sector with 46 thousand 106 TL. Compared to the previous year; the highest increase in mean annual income was observed in the agriculture sector with 41.3%, followed by the construction sector with 35.5%. On the other hand, an increase of 32.1% was observed in the industrial sector and 29.1% in the service sector.

Mean annual income at main job and percentage change in compared to previous year, 2021, 2022

Employers had the highest mean annual income at main job with 220 thousand 482 TL

Mean annual income at main job was 220 thousand 482 TL for employers, 58 thousand 697 TL for self employed workers, 56 thousand 899 TL for regular employees and 25 thousand 632 TL for casual employees. Compared to the previous year, the highest increase was in employers with 61.8% and the lowest increase was in regular employed workers with 21.5%.

Mean annual income at main job by employment status (TL), 2020, 2021

The region with the lowest income was TRB2 (Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari)

In 2022, whereas the mean annual equivalised household disposable income of Türkiye was 48 thousand 642 TL, TR10 (İstanbul) was the region having the highest mean annual equivalised household disposable income with 69 thousand 904 TL within the SR Level 2. It was followed by TR51 (Ankara) and TR31 (İzmir) regions with mean annual equivalised household disposable income 59 thousand 798 TL and 59 thousand 272 TL respectively. The region with the lowest mean annual equivalised household disposable income was TRB2 (Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari) region with 23 thousand 063 TL.

Mean annual equivalised household disposable income (TL), SR Level 2, 2022

Income inequality was the lowest in TRB1 and TR81 SR Level 2 region

According to the results of the latest research, S80/S20 ratio was 7.9 for Türkiye whereas the lowest values were realized in TRB1 (Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli) and TR81 (Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın) with 4.5. This SR Level 2 region was followed by TR42 region including Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova with 4.9.

SR Level 2 region with the highest S80/S20 ratio was TR10 (İstanbul) with 8.1 and this region was followed by TRA2 (Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan) region with 7.9 and TR52 (Konya, Karaman) region with 7.4.

70.5% of individuals in the last decile remained in the same income group compared to the previous year

Transition statistics were produced for the first time this year from the Income and Living Conditions Survey that is a panel study.

When the changes of deciles by the equivalised household disposable income were analyzed it was seen that the income groups of 55.4% of the individuals in the first decile and 70.5% of them in the last decile did not change in 2022. In addition, the income group of 23.7% of the individuals were in the first decile in 2021 increased more than one group in 2022 whereas the income group of 8.3% of the individuals in the last decile decreased more than one group.

Transition rates of individuals in deciles to the previous year (%), 2021-2022

45.4% of the individuals who were unemployed in 2021 started working in 2022

According to the results obtained from panel data of the Income and Living Conditions Survey, 45.4% of the individuals who were unemployed in 2021 started working in 2022. 90.5% of the individuals whose activity status was determined as employees in 2021 continued their working life in 2022. 11.4% of the individuals who were not in labor force in the previous year started to work or searched for work in 2022.

Change in activity status of individuals compared to the previous years (Age 15-64) (%), 2021-2022

The next release on this subject will be on May 8, 2023.