20 Years of Research, Data, and Analytics on Poverty, Inequality and Human Capital

Since 2002, the Knowledge for Change Umbrella Program (KCP), housed in the Development Economics Vice Presidency (DEC) of the World Bank, has been supporting innovative research, data, and analytical projects to expand the knowledge frontier in development policy and practice. The KCP's 20th anniversary celebration ("KCP20+"), to be implemented through a series of events, will serve as dialogues on knowledge generation in international development that cross sectors, generations, and borders. The events will showcase the evolution of research and knowledge in over the past 20 years, demonstrate the program's impacts, and explore new solutions to tangibly strengthen the linkage between fundamental research and development interventions. The events will be anchored in the three core objectives of the KCP program:

1. Generating, operationalizing, and disseminating knowledge
2. Transforming evidence, data, and insights into policy change
3. Improving the enabling environment to democratize development knowledge through partnerships, capacity building, and innovation

A total of three events are envisioned. The first event, centered on issues related to conflicts, migration, and climate change, took place on Nov 2, 2022. This note will provide more information on the background of the second event, proposed to happen in January 2023.

The two-part hybrid event will last for three hours, separated into two equal parts. Part I will focus on poverty and inequality; and Part II will deep-dive into human capital. Each part will follow the same structure, beginning with a presentation on the evolution of research and knowledge in the respective theme. A panel discussion will follow that features diverse perspectives from stakeholder groups such as academia, governments, international organizations, and non-state actors. The speakers and panelists may also comment on the linkages between poverty and inequality and human capital. A question-and-answer session (accessible for both in-person and remote attendees) will occur at the end of each segment.

Part I. The Evolution, Progress, and Setbacks in Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Combatting Poverty and Inequality

One of the most prominent fields of research at the World Bank is on global poverty and the extent to which societies share in aggregate economic growth. Initial work on poverty monitoring at the World Bank started from producing authoritative analyses of household survey data on well-being at both the country and the global levels. Over the years, data availability, analytical tools and the very conception of poverty and prosperity have seen significant evolution. Innovations, including on the measurement of multidimensional poverty and on the combination of absolute and relative approaches to identifying the poor, suggest additional ways in which poverty and inequality can be measured, analyzed, and monitored over time. Recent global shocks caused one of the most devastating reversals of development gains accumulated over decades, and further widened the global divergence in income levels. Discussions on new ways of understanding and combatting poverty and inequality have thus become even more important, as policy makers search for solutions for a sustainable, inclusive, and resilient recovery. During this seminar, speakers will present on the evolution and progress in the conceptualization and measurement of poverty and inequality over the past 20 years and discuss how new analytical and data developments might help provide innovative solutions in ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity.

The evolution of knowledge

• What were the "big questions" in development research on poverty and inequality over the past 20 years? What have been the major breakthroughs in the understanding of poverty and inequality, and how have they impacted policy making in developing countries?
• How has research and knowledge related to poverty and inequality evolved, including from the aspects of poverty conceptualization, data availability, and analytical methods?

Connecting the past, present, and future

• What are the recurring themes and/or persistent questions that still puzzle researchers and policy makers today?
• What lessons from past research are still relevant for policy makers today? What can we learn from our mistakes in the past?

The role of research in development policy and practice

• How did research in this field introduce fundamental shifts in the policy discussions around poverty and inequality?
• In order to achieve a resilient and inclusive recovery, what are the most urgent policy issues that research can help shed light on?

KCP and the next 20+ years

• How can research help anticipate future challenges in the coming 20 years?
• How can KCP better turn research insights into policy impacts?
• What role can non-state actors, such as NGOs, private sector entities, and donors, play in strengthening the research and impact link?

Part II: 20 Years of Research, Data, and Analytics in Protecting and Investing in Human Capital Development

Over the past 20 years, the understanding of what constitutes human capital development has considerably evolved. A series of research and data endeavors highlighted the importance of a more comprehensive understanding of human capital - one that underscores the significance of the productivity of people; prompted governments around the world to not only invest in better health and education systems and but also work to unleash people's full potential for productive and prosperous lives; and shifted policy discussions away from purely focusing on public investments, inputs, or supply-side measures, to zeroing in on outcomes, performance, and accountability. During this seminar, discussions will be focused on the evolution of knowledge in human capital development; the fundamental shifts and reorientation in the understanding of human capital that innovative research and data work helped trigger; and elaborate on the areas of research and data that are most urgently needed in order to inclusively recover from the massive losses caused by recent global shocks.

The evolution of knowledge

• What were the "big questions" related to human capital over the past 20 years?
• What have been the major breakthroughs in our understanding of human capital, and how have they impacted policy making in developing countries?

Connecting the past, present, and future

• What are the recurring themes and/or persistent questions that still puzzle researchers and policy makers today?
• What lessons from past research are still relevant for policy makers today? What can we learn from our mistakes?

The role of research in development policy and practice

• How did research in this field introduce fundamental shifts in the policy discussions around human capital?
• In order to achieve a resilient and inclusive recovery, what are the most urgent policy issues that research can help shed light on?

KCP and the next 20+ years

• How can research help anticipate future challenges in the coming 20 years?
• How can KCP better turn research insights into policy impacts?
• What role can non-state actors, such as NGOs, private sector entities and donors, play in strengthening the research and development impact link?

• Aart Kraay

  World Bank Group Deputy Chief Economist and Director of Development Policy, Development Economics

  Aart Kraay is the World Bank Group Deputy Chief Economist and Director of Development Policy in the Development Economics Vice-Presidency of the World Bank. He joined the World Bank in 1995 after earning a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University (1995), and a B.Sc. in economics from the University of Toronto (1990). His research interests include macroeconomics in developing countries; international capital movements; growth, poverty and inequality; institutions and governance; and applied econometrics. His research on these topics has been published in scholarly journals such as the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Economic Journal, the Journal of Monetary Economics, the Journal of International Economics, and the Journal of Economic Growth. He is a member of the editorial board of the World Bank Research Observer, former co-editor of the World Bank Economic Review, and an associate editor of the Journal of Development Economics. He has held visiting positions at the International Monetary Fund and the Sloan School of Management at MIT, and has taught at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University.

• Emanuela Galasso

  Senior Economist, Development Economics

  Emanuela Galasso is a Senior Economist in the Development Research Group (Poverty and Inequality Team) at the World Bank. Her publications focus on how public policy can shape household and children's well being, with a focus on social protection, nutrition and early childhood development interventions in both middle- and low-income countries. She holds a B.A. in Economics from Bocconi University and a MA and Ph.D. in Economics from Boston College.

• Christoph Lakner

  Program Manager, Development Data Group, Development Economics

  Christoph Lakner is a Program Manager for Global Poverty and Inequality Data in the Development Data Group (Indicators and Data Services team) at the World Bank. His research interests include inequality, poverty, and labor markets in developing countries. In particular, he has been working on global inequality, the relationship between inequality of opportunity and growth, implications of regional price differences for inequality, and the income composition of top incomes. Christoph is also involved in the World Bank's global poverty monitoring: he leads the Poverty and Inequality Data team in the Development Data Group, which co-produces the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), the home of the World Bank's global poverty numbers.

  Christoph holds a D.Phil., M.Phil. and B.A. in Economics from the University of Oxford.

• Kathleen Beegle

  Research Manager and Lead Economist, Human Development, Development Economics

  Kathleen Beegle is Research Manager and Lead Economist in the Human Development Team of the World Bank's Development Research Group. Her research experience includes the study of poverty, labor, economic shocks, and methodological studies on household survey data collection in developing countries. She has expertise in the design and implementation of household surveys and their use for poverty and policy analysis.

  Her work has been published in peer-reviewed academic journals including the Journal of Development Economics, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, World Bank Economic Review, Review of Economics and Statistics, Journal of Human Resources, and Demography. She is co-author of numerous chapters in books and is co-lead of several World Bank reports including Realizing the Full Potential of Safety Nets in Africa, Poverty in A Rising Africa, Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Africa, and the World Development Report 2013 on Jobs.

• Patrick Premand

  Senior Economist, Development Economics

  Patrick Premand is a Senior Economist in the Development Impact Evaluation Group (DIME) in the research Vice-Presidency at the World Bank. He works on Social Protection and Safety Nets; Jobs, Economic Inclusion and Entrepreneurship; and Early Childhood Development. He conducts impact evaluations and policy experiments of social protection, jobs and human development programs. He often works on government-led interventions implemented at scale, in close collaboration with policymakers and researchers. He has led policy dialogue and technical assistance activities, as well as worked on the design, implementation and management of a range of World Bank operations. He previously held various positions at the World Bank, including in the Social Protection & Jobs group in Africa, the Human Development Economics Unit of the Africa region, the Office of the Chief Economist for Human Development, and the Poverty Unit of the Latin America and Caribbean region. He holds a DPhil in Economics from Oxford University.

• Ana Maria Ibanez

  Economics Principal Advisor at the Inter-American Development Bank; former professor, School of Economics, Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia)

  Ana Maria Ibanez is Economics Principal Advisor at the Interamerican Development Bank. She is a former Professor at the School of Economics in Universidad de los Andes (Colombia). Her research focuses on the microeconomic analysis of internal armed conflict. Most of her research focuses on the economic costs of crime and conflict. Her research also studies the causes and consequences of economic and forced migration.

• Abebe Shimeles

  Honorary professor, University of Cape Town, South Africa

  Abebe Shimeles is currently a Lead Consultant at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), Honorary Professor at the University of Cape Town, and SA and Research Fellow at the IZA Institute of Labor Economics. He also served as the Director of Research at the African Economic Research Consortium, Acting Director/Division Manager of the research department at the African Development Bank Group, and a Senior Poverty Economist at the World Bank. Before this, he served in various capacities at UNECA, ActionAid, and Addis Ababa University. His recent research interests include labor market integration, migration issues in Africa, and impact evaluation of policy interventions. He holds a PhD in economics from Gothenburg University, a M.Sc. from Delhi School of Economics, and an undergraduate degree in economics from Addis Ababa University.

• Jane Mariara

  Executive Director, Partnership for Economic Policy

  Jane Kabubo-Mariara is the Executive Director (ED) of the Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) and is responsible for institutional development, fundraising and long-term sustainability, and delivery of all of PEP's commitments. Prior to working at PEP, Jane held several senior positions at the University of Nairobi, with the most recent one as the Director of the School Economics. Jane has over 30 years' experience in teaching, research, management, and resource mobilization. Some of Jane's specialty research interests include the impact of climate change on agriculture and adaptation, environmental and natural resource economics, multidimensional poverty, child poverty and youth employment, and labor markets and income distribution. Jane has held numerous advisory roles. She is the President of the African Society of Ecological Economists (ASEE), a member of Central Bank of Kenya's Monetary Policy Committee, the German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA) Advisory Board, and the Club of Rome's Earth4All 21st Century Transformational Economics Commission. She is also an integral member of the international scientific community and a thought-leader in development economics, having authored multiple journal papers, books, monographs, and policy briefs, as well as several peer-reviewed working papers and mimeos. She holds a PhD, an MA, and a BA in Economics from University of Nairobi.

• Laurence Chandy

  Principal Economic Advisor, UNICEF

  Laurence Chandy is Principal Economic Advisor at UNICEF. He was appointed as UNICEF's first Director of the Office of Global Insight and Policy in August 2019, and previously served as UNICEF's Director of Data, Research and Policy. Mr. Chandy came to UNICEF from the Brookings Institution where he was a Fellow in the Global Economy and Development program. There he conducted research on global poverty, fragile states, aid effectiveness, and globalization. His work, including through his membership of the Atkinson Commission on Global Poverty, shaped reforms in global poverty measurement, and helped make the case for establishing the goal to end extreme poverty by 2030. He has worked in a number of countries, supporting governments in Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and the Pacific on a variety of economic and institutional reforms, and has led efforts in the delivery and receipt of foreign aid. Mr. Chandy graduated from Magdalen College, Oxford University, with a M.A. in philosophy, politics and economics and M.Sc. in development economics.

• Philippe Latriche

  Advisor on SDGs and Inequalities in the Directorate General for International Partnerships in the European Commission

  Philippe Latriche is currently Advisor on SDGs and Inequalities in the Directorate General for International Partnerships in the European Commission. He previously held various positions in the European Commission, mainly in the field of external relations, in Brussels as well as the European Delegation to the United Nations in New York. Before joining the Commission, he worked for the French Department for External Economic Relations, in Paris and in various Embassies.

• Pamela Jakiela

  Associate Professor of Economics, Williams College

  Pamela Jakiela is an Associate Professor in the Economics Department at Williams College and a Non-Resident Fellow at the Center for Global Development. She is also affiliated with BREAD, IPA, IZA, and J-PAL. Her areas of expertise include development economics, experimental and behavioral economics, causal inference and impact evaluation, investments in early childhood, and gender. She holds a PhD from University of California, Berkeley, and a M.Sc. from London School of Economics.

• Rukmini Banerji

  Chief Executive Officer, Pratham Education Foundation

  Rukmini Banerji is the Chief Executive Officer of Pratham Education Foundation. She was trained as an economist at St. Stephen's College (Delhi) and the Delhi School of Economics. She was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University (1981-83) and completed her PhD at the University of Chicago in 1991. Rukmini returned to India in 1996 and joined Pratham. Over the years, she has worked extensively in Pratham's education programs in rural and urban areas. Along with her teams, she has played a major role in designing and supporting large scale partnerships with state governments in India, for improving children's learning outcomes. Rukmini led Pratham's research and assessment efforts including the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) exercise from 2005 to 2014. Since 2015, she has been the CEO of Pratham. In 2008, Rukmini received the Maulana Abul Kalam Shiksha Puraskar by the Government of Bihar, India. She was the first recipient of this award. In 2021, Rukmini was awarded the Yidan Prize for Education Development. Originally from Bihar, she is now based between New Delhi and Pune. Rukmini writes frequently on education in both Hindi and English dailies in India and enjoys writing books and stories for children.

• Emily Gustafsson-Wright

  Senior Fellow, Global Economy and Development, Center for Universal Education, Brookings Institution

  Emily Gustafsson-Wright is a senior fellow at the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution. She specializes in applied microeconomic and policy research within the fields of education and health in developing country contexts. Her current focus on effective delivery of social services, including education and health interventions, has consolidated her role as a global expert on innovative financing mechanisms, including payment by results, public-private partnerships, and impact investing. Her previous professional experience includes working at the World Bank, the UNICEF Innocenti Research Center, and as senior researcher with the Amsterdam Institute for International Development (AIID). Gustafsson-Wright holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the Tinbergen Institute at the University of Amsterdam, as well as a Master's of Science in Applied Economics and Finance and a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from the University of California at Santa Cruz. She is regularly cited in the media, including in the Economist, The New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, and the Financial Times, and has published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals, as well as contributed to several books in her field.

• Ritva Reinikka

  Professor of Practice, Aalto University, Helsinki

  Ritva Reinikka is Professor of Practice at the Helsinki Graduate School of Economics, based at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki. She is also Special Adviser (education) to the European Union Commissioner for International Partnerships, Ms Urpilainen, and Honorary Research Fellow at UNU-WIDER. Ms Reinikka worked at the World Bank between 1993 and 2013. She joined the Bank as a Country Economist in East Africa and was a Research Manager in the Development Research Group. She was Co-Director of the 2004 World Development Report Making Services Work for Poor People. During her career at the World Bank, Ms Reinikka was also Country Director for South Africa, based in Pretoria; Director for Poverty Reduction, Economic Management, Private Sector and Finance in the Middle East and North Africa region; and Director for Human Development in the Africa region. Her professional and research interests include public economics, service delivery, education, health care, and empirical microeconomics of growth. She has published widely in peer-reviewed journals and policy-oriented outlets. Prior to joining the World Bank, she was a researcher at the Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford, and the Helsinki School of Economics. She has also held operational positions at UNICEF and with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. She holds a DPhil in Economics from the University of Oxford.

List of select KCP- supported research projects on poverty and inequality

• KCP Phase I: poverty reduction and human development: analysis of alternative strategies within an economywide framework; evaluating long-run welfare impacts: two case studies for East Asia; dynamics of slum formation and strategies to improve lives of slum dwellers China urban Dibao study; enhancing the poverty impact of the new land law in China; research on methodology for aggregating poverty-specific PPPs; research for improving survey data (TF057207: Scott); the international income distribution database (I2D2);
• KCP Phase II: economic growth and crisis in Africa: improving methods for measuring poverty; improving and expanding PovcalNet; global poverty and inequality monitoring in the 21st century; correcting the sampling bias of China urban household survey; Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) - improving the quality and comparability of income data through research and dissemination; how to improve the World Bank's Global Poverty Monitoring; poverty mapping in China; changeable inequalities: facts, perceptions and policies; harmonized microdata for enhanced global poverty monitoring: the international income distribution database (I2D2); national account vs survey based welfare; improving poverty and shared prosperity measurement: measure purchases of food away from home; census independent sampling strategy using satellite imagery: validating and improving a proposed methodology in Myanmar; long-run patterns of growth and poverty in Africa
• KCP Phase III: multidimensional poverty; measuring time used well; poverty imputation; intra-household allocation of and gender differences in consumption poverty; cellphone records to estimate poverty impacts in FCV settings; equality of opportunity in global prosperity; machine learning algorithms for poverty prediction: an empirical comparative assessment
• KCP Phase IV: validating model-based estimates of intra-household resource allocation and gender differences in consumption poverty
• Flagship reports: WDR 2004: Making Services Work for Poor People; World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development; World Development Report: Spatial Disparity and Development

List of select KCP-supported papers and reports on poverty and inequality

• Van Der Weide, Roy; Blankespoor, Brian; Elbers, Chris T.M.; Lanjouw, Peter F. (2022), How Accurate Is a Poverty Map Based on Remote Sensing Data? An Application to Malawi. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 10171. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.
• Jolliffe, Dean Mitchell; Mahler, Daniel Gerszon; Lakner, Christoph; Atamanov, Aziz; Tetteh Baah, Samuel Kofi. (2022), Assessing the Impact of the 2017 PPPs on the International Poverty Line and Global Poverty. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 9941, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Narayan, Ambar; Cojocaru, Alexandru; et. al. (2022), COVID-19 and Economic Inequality: Short-Term Impacts with Long-Term Consequences. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 9902, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Prydz, Espen Beer; Jolliffe, Dean Mitchell; Serajuddin, Umar. (2021), Mind the Gap: Disparities in Assessments of Living Standards Using National Accounts and Household Surveys. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 9779, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Bose-Duker, Theophiline; Gaddis, Isis; Kilic, Talip; Lechene, Valérie; Pendakur, Krishna. (2021), Diamonds in the Rough: Repurposing Multi-Topic Surveys to Estimate Individual-Level Consumption Poverty. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 9661, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dang, Hai-Anh H. and Serajuddin, Umar, (2020), "Tracking the Sustainable Development Goals: Emerging Measurement Challenges and Further Reflections". World Development, Volume 127, March 2020. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8843. Washington, D.C.
• Abanokova, Kseniya; Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Lokshin, Michael M. (2020), The Important Role of Equivalence Scales : Household Size, Composition, and Poverty Dynamics in the Russian Federation. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 9270, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Decerf, Benoit; Ferreira, Francisco H. G.; Mahler, Daniel Gerszon; Sterck, Olivier. (2020), Lives and Livelihoods: Estimates of the Global Mortality and Poverty Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 9277, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Beltram, Theresa; Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Sarr, Ibrahima; Verme, Paolo. (2020), Estimating Poverty among Refugee Populations: A Cross-Survey Imputation Exercise for Chad. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 9222, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Valérie Lechene, Krishna Pendakur and Alex Wolf . (2020) OLS Estimation of the Intra-household Distribution of Expenditure, IFS Working Paper W20/06, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
• Aziz Atamanov, Christoph Lakner, Daniel Gerszon Mahler, Samuel Kofi Tetteh Baah and Judy Yang (2020), The Effect of New PPP Estimates on Global Poverty: A First Look, Global Poverty Monitoring Technical Note 12, World Bank
• Dang, Hai-Anh, Dean Jolliffe, and Calogero Carletto. (2019). "Data Gaps, Data Incomparability, and Data Imputation: A Review of Poverty Measurement Methods for Data-Scarce Environments". Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(3): 757-797. World Bank Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8282. Washington, D.C.
• Artuc, Erhan; Porto, Guido; Rijkers, Bob. (2019), Household Impacts of Tariffs: Data and Results from Agricultural Trade Protection. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 9045, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Bedoya Arguelles, Guadalupe; Coville, Aidan; Haushofer, Johannes; Isaqzadeh, Mohammad Razaq; Shapiro, Jeremy. (2019), No Household Left Behind: Afghanistan Targeting the Ultra Poor Impact Evaluation. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 8877, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Artuc, Erhan; Rijkers, Bob; Porto, Guido. (2019), Trading off the Income Gains and the Inequality Costs of Trade Policy. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 8825, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Farfan Bertran, Maria Gabriela; Mcgee, Kevin Robert; Perng, Julie Ting Ting; Vakis, Renos. (2019). Poverty Measurement in the Era of Food Away from Home : Testing Alternative Approaches in Vietnam. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8692. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dang, Hai-Anh and Gero Carletto. (2018). "The Seemingly Underappreciated Role of Panel Data in Measuring Poverty and Economic Transformation". World Economics, 19(3): 45-59.
• Dang, Hai-Anh, Michael Lokshin, Kseniya Abanokova, and Maurizio Bussolo. (2018). "Inequality and Welfare Dynamics in the Russian Federation during 1994-2015". World Bank Policy Research Paper # 8629. D.C. World Bank Group.
• Kaplan, Lennart Christian; Pape, Utz Johann; Walsh, James Sonam. (2018). A Light-Touch Method to Improve Accurate Reporting of IDP's Food Consumption. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8539. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group
• Balcazar, Carlos Felipe, Hai-Anh Dang, Eduardo Malasquez, Sergio Olivieri, and Julieth Pico.(2018), "Welfare Dynamics in Colombia: Results from Synthetic Panels". World Bank Policy Research Paper # 8441 D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dang, Hai-Anh H. (2018), To impute or not to impute a review of alternative poverty estimation methods in the context of unavailable consumption data. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 8403, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dang, Hai-Anh and Peter Lanjouw. (2018)."Welfare Dynamics in India over a Quarter-century: Poverty, Vulnerability, and Mobility 1987-2012". UNU-WIDER Working Paper 2018/175.
• Dang, Hai-Anh and Peter Lanjouw. (2018). "Inequality Trends and Dynamics in India: The bird's-eye and the granular perspectives". UNU-WIDER Working Paper 2018/189.
• Fitzpatrick, Casey A., Peter Bull, Olivier Dupriez, (2018), Machine Learning for Poverty Prediction - A Comparative Assessment of Classification Algorithms, Technical Report
• Ahmed, S. Amer; Bussolo, Maurizio; Vargas Da Cruz, Marcio Jose; Go, Delfin Sia; Osorio-Rodarte, Israel. (2017). Global inequality in a more educated world. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8135. Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.
• Jolliffe, Dean Mitchell; Prydz, Espen Beer. (2017) Societal poverty: a relative and relevant measure. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 8073, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Panter, Elaine Rene Elizabeth; Primiani, Tanya; Hasan, Tazeen; Calderon Pontaza, Eduardo. (2017), Antidiscrimination law and shared prosperity: an analysis of the legal framework of six economies and their impact on the equality of opportunities of ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7992, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Caselli, Francesco. (2017), "Accounting for cross-country income differences: ten years later", WDR 2017 Governance and the Law Background Paper
• Ahmed, S. Amer; Cruz, Marcio; Go, Delfin S.; Maliszewska, Maryla (2016), How Significant Is Sub‐Saharan Africa's Demographic Dividend for Its Future Growth and Poverty Reduction? Review of Development Economics, 20(4), 762-793, 2016. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 7134 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group
• Blattman, Christopher; Jamison, Julian; Koroknay-Palicz, Tricia; Rodrigues, Katherine; Sheridan, Margaret. (2016) Measuring the measurement error: A method to qualitatively validate survey data, Journal of Development Economics, Volume 120, May 2016, Pages 99-112
• Blattman, Christopher; Green, Eric P.; Jamison, Julian; Lehmann, M. Christian; Annan, Jeannie. (2016), The Returns to Microenterprise Support among the Ultrapoor: A Field Experiment in Postwar Uganda, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2016, 8(2): 35-64
• Ahmed, S. Amer; Vargas Da Cruz, Marcio Jose. (2016). On the impact of demographic change on growth, savings, and poverty. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 7805. Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.
• Jolliffe, Dean Mitchell; Prydz, Espen Beer. (2016), Estimating international poverty lines from comparable national thresholds. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7606, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Lanjouw, Peter F. (2015) Toward a new definition of shared prosperity: a dynamic perspective from three countries. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7294, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Lanjouw, Peter F. (2015), Poverty dynamics in India between 2004 and 2012: insights from longitudinal analysis using synthetic panel data. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7270, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Farfan Bertran; Gabriela, Maria; Genoni, Maria Eugenia; Vakis, Renos. (2015), You are what (and where) you eat: capturing food away from home in welfare measures. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7257, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dasgupta, Susmita; Hossain, Md. Moqbul; Huq, Mainul; Wheeler, David. (2014), Facing the hungry tide: climate change, livelihood threats, and household responses in coastal Bangladesh. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 7148 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Lanjouw, Peter F.; Swinkels, Robertus A. (2014), Who remained in poverty, who moved up, and who fell down an investigation of poverty dynamics in Senegal in the late 2000s. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7141, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Milanovic, Branko L.; Van Der Weide, Roy. (2014), Inequality is bad for growth of the poor (but not for that of the rich), Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6963, Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.
• Elbers, Chris T.M.; Van Der Weide, Roy. (2014), Estimation of normal mixtures in a nested error model with an application to small area estimation of poverty and inequality. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6962 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dollar, David R.; Kleineberg, Tatjana Karina; Kraay, Aart C. (2014), Growth, inequality, and social welfare: cross-country evidence. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6842 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Beegle, Kathleen G.; Kastelic, Kristen Himelein; Ravallion, Martin. (2013), Can subjective questions on economic welfare be trusted evidence for three developing countries. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6726 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Otker-Robe, Inci; Podpiera, Anca Maria. (2013), The social impact of financial crises: evidence from the global financial crisis. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6703 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dollar, David R.; Kleineberg, Tatjana Karina; Kraay, Aart C. (2013), Growth still is good for the poor. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6568 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Douidich, Mohamed; Ezzrari, Abdeljaouad; Van Der Weide, Roy; Verme, Paolo. (2013), Estimating quarterly poverty rates using labor force surveys: a primer. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6466 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Gouel, Christophe. (2013), Food price volatility and domestic stabilization policies in developing countries. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6393, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Kinnunen, Jouko; Lofgren, Hans; Merotto, Dino Leonardo; Sulla, Victor. (2013), External shocks, fiscal policy and income distribution: alternative scenarios for Moldova. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6365 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Chen, Shaohua; Ravallion, Martin. (2012), More relatively-poor people in a less absolutely-poor world. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6114, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Lofgren, Hans. (2012), World food prices and human development: Policy simulations for archetype low-income countries. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6033 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Larson, Donald F.; Lampietti, Julian; Gouel, Christophe; Cafiero, Carlo; Roberts, John . (2012), Food security and storage in the Middle East and North Africa. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6031 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Gouel, Christophe; Jean, Sebastien. (2012), Optimal food price stabilization in a small open developing country. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5943, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Christiaensen, Luc; Lanjouw, Peter; Luoto, Jill; Stifel, David. (2011), Small area estimation-based prediction methods to track poverty: validation and applications. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5683, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dang, Hai-Anh; Lanjouw, Peter; Luoto, Jill; McKenzie, David. (2011), Using repeated cross-sections to explore movements in and out of poverty. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5550, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Milanovic, Branko. (2009), Four critiques of the redistribution hypothesis: an assessment. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5145, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Milanovic, Branko. (2009), Global inequality and the global inequality extraction ratio: the story of the past two centuries. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5044, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Beegle, Kathleen G.; Kastelic, Kristen Himelein; Ravallion, Martin. (2009), Frame-of-reference bias in subjective welfare regressions. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 4904 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• WDR 2004: Making Services Work for Poor People.
• WDR 2006: Equity and Development.
• WDR 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography
• Policy Research Report -Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty
• Policy Research Report-A Measured Approach to Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity: Concepts, Data, and the Twin Goals
• 2018 Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report

List of Select KCP-supported research on health, nutrition, and early childhood development

• KCP Phase I: the long-run impacts of health shocks in Africa; evaluating the impact of AIDS prevention and treatment services; improving malaria outcomes through evidence-based program design; averting a global influenza pandemic by preventing virus reassortment; the social and economic impacts of influenza epidemics
• KCP Phase II: quality of care in health markets from supply and demand perspectives; community-level nutrition program; early childhood nutrition, and availability of health service providers; the effects of home-based HIV counseling and testing; policy, governance, and the private sector in the provision of public health services; UNICEF-WHO-the World Bank joint child malnutrition dataset expansion
• KCP Phase III: long-acting reversible contraceptives; effective coverage in health care; ramping up measurement and improvement of healthcare quality; patient safety impact evaluation
• Flagship reports: Policy Research Report 2022 on improving effective coverage in health: do financial incentives work?

List of Select KCP-supported research on education:

• KCP Phase I: incentives, choice, and accountability in basic education service; impact evaluations of interventions aiming to improve education outcomes of vulnerable children; improving education outcomes through choice and decentralized management; labor issues in service delivery for human development
• KCP Phase II: evaluation of long-term impacts of an integrated early childhood intervention for low-income families; improving parenting skills; the coming wave of educated workers and its impact on global inequality and poverty
• KCP Phase III: measuring and analyzing teacher knowledge and behavior; a new model for primary schooling in developing countries
• Flagship reports: World Development Report 2007 development and the next generation; World Development Report 2018 realizing the promise of education for development

Select KCP-supported papers and reports on human capital

• Cardim, Joana; Carneiro, Pedro; Carvalho, Leandro S.; De Walque, Damien. (2022), Early Education, Preferences, and Decision-Making Abilities. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 10187, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Ashwin, Julian; Rao, Vijayendra; Biradavolu, Monica; Haque, Arshia; Khan, Afsana; Krishnan, Nandini; Nagy, Peer. (2022) Qualitative Analysis at Scale: An Application to Aspirations in Cox's Bazaar, Bangladesh. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 10046. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Di Maro, Vincenzo; Leeffers, Stefan; Serra, Danila; Vicente, Pedro C. (2021), Mobilizing Parents at Home and at School: An Experiment on Primary Education in Angola. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 9876, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Neelsen, Sven; de Walque, Damien; Friedman, Jed; Wagstaff, Adam. (2021), Financial Incentives to Increase Utilization of Reproductive, Maternal, and Child Health Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Bank Policy Research working paper 9793. Washington, D.C. 2021
• Athey, Susan; Bergstrom, Katy Ann; Hadad, Vitor; Jamison, Julian C; Ozler, Berk; Parisotto, Luca; Sama, Julius Dohbit, (2021), Shared Decision-Making: Can Improved Counseling Increase Willingness to Pay for Modern Contraceptives. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 9777, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group
• Sulis, Giorgia; Adam, Pierrick; Nafade, Vaidehi; Gore, Genevieve; Daniels, Benjamin; Daftary, Amrita; Das, Jishnu; Gandra, Sumanth; Pai, Madhukar. (2020), "Antibiotic prescription practices in primary care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis." PLoS Medicine 17, no. 6 (2020): e1003139.
• Barrera-Osorio, Felipe; de Galbert, Pierre; Habyarimana, James; Sabarwal, Shwetlena. (2020) "The Impact of Public-Private Partnerships on Private School Performance: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Uganda.". Economic Development and Cultural Change, Volume 68, No. 2.
• Filmer, Deon P.; Molina, Ezequiel; Wane, Waly. (2020), Identifying Effective Teachers: Lessons from Four Classroom Observation Tools. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 9365, Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.
• Evans, David K.; Yuan, Fei; Filmer, Deon. (2020), Teacher Pay in Africa: Evidence from 15 Countries. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 9358, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Azevedo, J. P., Hasan, A., Goldemberg, D., Iqbal, S. A., & Geven, K. (2020). Simulating the potential impacts of COVID-19 school closures on schooling and learning outcomes: A set of global estimates. The World Bank
• Spielauer, Martin; Dupriez, Olivier. (2019). A Portable Dynamic Microsimulation Model for Population, Education and Health Applications in Developing Countries, International Microsimulation Association research article Dec 31, 2019, volume 12(3) winter 2019
• King, Jessica J C; Das, Jishnu; Kwan, Ada; Daniels, Benjamin; Powell-Jackson, Timothy; Makungu, Christina; Goodman, Catherine. (2019), "How to do (or not to do)… using the standardised patient method to measure clinical quality of care in LMIC health facilities." Health Policy & Planning 34, no.8: 625-634
• Kwan, Ada; Daniels, Benjamin; Bergkvist, Sofi; Das, Veena; Pai, Madhukar; Das, Jishnu. (2019), "The use of Standardized Patients for Healthcare Quality Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries". BMJ Global Health 4, no.5: e001669
• Daniels, Benjamin; Kwan, Ada; Satyanarayana, Srinath; Subbaraman, Ramnath; Das, Ranendra K.; Das, Veena; Das, Jishnu; Pai, Madhukar. (2019), "Gender Differences in Quality of Tuberculosis Care in Urban India: A two-city, cross-sectional study." Lancet Global Health (7): e633-43.
• Daniels, Benjamin; Kwan, Ada; Pai, Madhukar; Das, Jishnu. (2019), "Lessons on the quality of tuberculosis diagnosis from standardized patients in China, India, Kenya, and South Africa", Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Volume 16, August 2019.
• LaFave, Daniel; Beyene, Abebe Damte; Bluffstone, Randall; Dissanayake, Sahan T. M.; Gebreegziabher, Zenebe; Mekonnen, Alemu; Toman, Michael. (2019), Impacts of Improved Biomass Cookstoves on Child and Adult Health: Experimental Evidence from Rural Ethiopia, Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 8929, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Bold, Tessa; Filmer, Deon; Molina, Ezequiel; Svensson, Jakob. (2019). The Lost Human Capital: Teacher Knowledge and Student Achievement in Africa. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 8849. World Bank, Washington, DC
• Evans, David; Yuan, Fei. (2019). Equivalent Years of Schooling: A Metric to Communicate Learning Gains in Concrete Terms. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 8752. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Angrist, Noam; Djankov, Simeon; Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou; Patrinos, Harry Anthony. (2019). Measuring Human Capital. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 8742 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Packel, L.J., de Walque, D., Feeney, K.C., Balampama, M.P., Cooper, J.E.,Kalolella, A., Wechsberg, W.M., Dow, W.H., (2018), A randomized trial of cash incentives for sexual behavior change among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Social Science & Medicine
• de Hoop, Jacobus, Patrick Premand, Furio Rosati, and Renos Vakis (2018), Women's economic capacity and children's human capital accumulation, Journal of Population Economic (2018) 31:453-481
• Karageorgou, D.; Imamura, F.; Zhang, J.; Shi, P.; Mozaffarian, D.; et al. (2018) Assessing dietary intakes from household budget surveys: A national analysis in Bangladesh. PLOS ONE 13(8): e0202831
• Das, Jishnu; Woskie, Liana; Rajbhandari, Ruma; Abbasi, Kamran; Jha, Ashish. (2018), "Rethinking Assumptions about Healthcare Delivery: Implications for Universal Health Coverage." BMJ, 361:k1716.
• Kwan, Ada; Daniels, Ben; Saria, Vaibhav; Satyanarayana, Srinath; Subbaraman, Ramnath; McDowell, Andrew; Bergkvist, Sofi; Das, Ranendra K.; Das, Veena; Das, Jishnu; Pai, Madukar. (2018), "Variations in the quality of tuberculosis care in urban India: A cross-sectional, standardized patient study in two cities." PLoS Medicine, September 25th, 2018.
• Miller, Rosalind; Das, Jishnu; Pai, Madhukar. (2018), "Quality of Tuberculosis care by Indian Pharmacies: Mystery Clients Offer New Insights." Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and other Myobact Disease, Vol.(10): 6-8. 2018.
• Jamison, Julian; McGee, Kevin Robert; Oseni, Gbemisola; Perng, Julie; Sato, Ryoko; Tanaka, Tomomi; Vakis, Renos. (2018). The Relationship between Conflicts, Economic Shocks, and Death with Depression, Economic Activities, and Human Capital Investment in Nigeria. Policy Research Working Paper No. 8685. World Bank, Washington, DC.
• Habyarimana, James Paul; Sabarwal, Shwetlena. (2018). Re-Kindling Learning: eReaders in Lagos. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 8665. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Filmer, Deon P.; Rogers, F. Halsey; Angrist, Noam; Sabarwal, Shwetlena. (2018). Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling (LAYS): Defining A New Macro Measure of Education. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8591. Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.
• Gunewardena, Dileni N.; King, Elizabeth M.; Valerio, Alexandria. (2018). "More Than Schooling: Understanding Gender Differences in the Labor Market When Measures of Skill Are Available." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS8588.
• Popova, Anna; Evans, David; Breeding, Mary E.; Arancibia, Violeta. 2018. "Teacher Professional Development around the World : The Gap between Evidence and Practice." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS8572.
• Fox, Louise and Upaasna Kaul. (2018), "The Evidence Is In: How Should Youth Employment Programs in Low-Income Countries Be Designed?." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS8500.
• Saraf, Priyam; Rahman, Tasmia; Jimenez Gallardo, Miguel Angel; Jamison, Julian C; Lor, Charles. (2018). Improving mental well-being and productivity of small-medium entrepreneurs in fragile, conflict and violence affected areas: can cognitive behavioral therapy trainings help? Policy Research working paper no. WPS 8489. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Sabarwal,Shwetlena; Abu-Jawdeh, Malek. (2018). "What teachers believe : mental models about accountability, absenteeism, and student learning." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS8454
• Rosser, Andrew; Joshi, Anuradha. (2018), "Using Courts to Realize Education Rights: Reflections from India and Indonesia." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS 8448
• Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Kacker, Kanishka; Habyarimana, James Paul. (2018). "Better Than Most: Teacher Self-Beliefs about effort and ability in Uganda." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS8440
• Evans, David; Ngatia, Irene Muthoni. (2018). "School costs, short-run participation, and long-run outcomes : evidence from Kenya." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS8421
• Larson, Bradley. 2018. Replicating the Data Analysis in WDR 2018: Learning to Realize Education's Promise, Technical Note, World Bank
• Bold, Tessa; Filmer, Deon; Martin, Gayle; Molina, Ezequiel; Stacy, Brian; Rockmore, Christophe; Svensson, Jakob; Wane, Waly. (2017). Enrollment without Learning: Teacher Effort, Knowledge, and Skill in Primary Schools in Africa, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 31, Number 4, Fall 2017, Pages 185-204
• Bedoya, Guadalupe; Dolinger, Amy; Rogo, Khama; Mwaura, Njeri; Wafula, Francis; Coarasa, Jorge; Goicoechea, Ana; Das, Jishnu. (2017) "Observations of infection prevention and control practices in primary health care, Kenya." Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Volume 95, no. 7 (July 2017).
• Campos, Francisco; Frese, Michael; Goldstein, Markus; Iacovone, Leonardo; Johnson, Hillary C.; McKenzie, David; Mensmann, Mona. (2017), Teaching personal initiative beats traditional training in boosting small business in West Africa, Science 357 (6357), 1287-1290.
• Sylvia, Sean; Zhou, Chengchao; Shi, Yaojiang; Yi, Hongmei; Zhou, Huan; Rozelle, Scott; Pai, Madhukar; Das, Jishnu. (2017). "Tuberculosis Detection and the Challenges of Integrated Care in Rural China: A Cross-sectional Standardized Patient Study." PLoS Med 14(10): e1002405, 2017.
• Daniels, Benjamin, Amy Dolinger, Guadalupe Bedoya, Khama Rogo, Ana Goicoechea, Jorge Coarasa, Francis Wafula, Njeri Mwaura, Redemptar Kimeu, Jishnu Das, (2017), "Use of Standardized Patients to Assess Quality of Health Care in Kenya: A Pilot, Cross-Sectional Study." BMJ: Global Health, 10th July 2017
• Daniels, Benjamin; Dolinger, Amy; Bedoya, Guadalupe; Rogo, Khama; Goicoechea, Ana; Coarasa, Jorge; Wafula, Francis; Mwaura, Njeri; Kimeu, Redemptar; Das, Jishnu. (2017) "Use of standardised patients to assess quality of healthcare in Nairobi, Kenya: a pilot, cross-sectional study with international comparisons." BMJ Global Health 2, no. 2 (June 2017).
• Cooper, Jan; Dow, William H; de Walque, Damien; Keller, Ann C; McCoy, Sandra; Fernald, Lia C. H; Balampama, Marianna P; Kalolella, Admirabilis; Packel, Laura J; Wechsberg, Wendee M; Ozer, Emily J. (2017). Female Sex Workers use power over their day-to-day lives to meet the condition of a Conditional Cash Transfer intervention to incentivize safe sex. Social Science & Medicine. 181(2017) 148-157.
• Lambert, Sylvie; Van De Walle, Dominique; Villar, Paola. (2017), Marital trajectories and women's well-being in Senegal. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 8230, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Al-Samarrai, Samer; Shrestha, Unika; Hasan, Amer; Nakajima, Nozomi; Se, Santoso; Adi Wijoyo, Wisnu Harto. (2017). "Introducing a performance-based school grant in Jakarta : what do we know about its impact after two years?" World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS8223
• Saraf, Priyam. (2017) "On-the-Job Training: Returns, Barriers to Provision, and Policy Implications." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS8090.
• Laajaj, Rachid; Macours, Karen. (2017). Measuring skills in developing countries. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 8000. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group
• Bold, Tessa, Deon Filmer, Gayle Martin, Ezequiel Molina, Christophe Rockmore, Brian Stacy, Jakob Svensson, Waly Wane. (2017). What Do Teachers Know and Do? Does it Matter? Evidence from Primary Schools in Africa. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7956
• Moriarty, Kate. (2017). "Achieving SDG4 through a Human Rights Based Approach to Education." World Development Report 2018 Background Paper
• Kaffenberger, Michelle, and Lant Pritchett. (2017). "More School or More Learning? Evidence from Learning Profiles from the Financial Inclusion Insights Data." Research on Improving Systems of Education, Working Paper RISE-WP-17/012
• Wafula, Francis; Dolinger, Amy; Daniels, Benjamin; Mwaura, Njeri; Bedoya, Guadalupe; Rogo, Khama; Goicoechea, Ana; Das, Jishnu; Olayo, Bernard. (2016), "Examining the Quality of Medicines at Kenyan Healthcare Facilities: A Validation of an Alternative Post-Market Surveillance Model That Uses Standardized Patients." Drugs - Real World Outcomes 4, no. 1 (November 2016): 53-63.
• Green, E. P.; Blattman, C. ; Jamison, J.; Annan, J. (2016), Does poverty alleviation decrease depression symptoms in post-conflict settings? A cluster-randomized trial of microenterprise assistance in Northern Uganda, Global Mental Health, Volume 3 2016 , e7.
• Barrera-Osorio, Felipe, Pierre de Galbert, James Habyarimana, and Shwetlena Sabarwal. 2016 "Impact of Public-Private Partnerships on Private School Performance: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Uganda." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS7905.
• Baird, Sarah; Mcintosh, Craig; Ozler, Berk.(2016), When the money runs out : do cash transfers have sustained effects on human capital accumulation. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7901, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Valerio, Alexandria; Sanchez Puerta, Maria Laura; Tognatta, Namrata; Monroy-Taborda, Sebastian. (2016) "Are there skills payoffs in low- and middle-income countries? Empirical evidence using STEP data." World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS7879
• Tognatta, Namrata, Alexandria Valerio, and Maria Laura Sanchez Puerta. (2016) "Do cognitive and noncognitive skills explain the gender wage gap in middle-income countries? An analysis using STEP data. World Bank Policy Research working paper WPS7878
• Del Carpio, Ximena; Ozden, Caglar; Testaverde, Mauro; Wagner, Mathis. (2016), Global migration of talent and tax incentives: evidence from Malaysia's returning expert program. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 7875, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Kerr, William; Ozden, Caglar; Parsons, Christopher. (2016), Global talent flows. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7852, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Popova, Anna, David K. Evans, and Violeta Arancibia. (2016) "Training Teachers on the Job: What Works and How to Measure It." Policy Research working paper, no WPS7834. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• De Walque, Damien; Akresh, Richard; Kazianga, Harounan. (2016), Evidence from a randomized evaluation of the household welfare impacts of conditional and unconditional cash transfers given to mothers or fathers. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7730, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Macours, Karen; Vakis, Renos. (2016), Sustaining impacts when transfers end: Women leaders, aspirations, and investment in children, NBER Working Paper Series No.22871
• Das, Jishnu; Holla, Alaka; Mohpal, Aakash; Muralidharan, Karthik. (2015), Quality and accountability in healthcare delivery: audit evidence from primary care providers in India. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7334, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Nyqvist, Martina Björkman; Corno, Lucia; De Walque, Damien B. C. M.; Svensson, Jakob.(2015) Using lotteries to incentivize safer sexual behavior: evidence from a randomized controlled trial on HIV prevention. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 7215, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dasgupta, Susmita; Huq, Mainul; Wheeler, David. (2015), Drinking water salinity and infant mortality in coastal Bangladesh. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 7200 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dow, William H.; Nathan, Rose; De Walque, Damien. (2014), Rewarding safer sex: conditional cash transfers for HIV/STI prevention. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 7099 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Das, Ashis; Friedman, Jed; Kandpal, Eeshani. (2014), Does involvement of local NGOs enhance public service delivery cautionary evidence from a Malaria-prevention evaluation in India. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6931 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Artuc, Erhan; Docquier, Frederic; Ozden, Caglar; Parsons, Christopher. (2014), A global assessment of human capital mobility: the role of non-OECD destinations. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6863, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Baird, Sarah; Bohren, J. Aislinn; McIntosh, Craig; Ozler, Berk. (2014), Designing experiments to measure spillover effects. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6824 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Baird, Sarah; Gong, Erick; Mcintosh, Craig; Ozler, Berk. (2014), The heterogeneous effects of HIV testing. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6823 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• de Walque, Damien; Dow, William H.; Gong, Erick. (2014), Coping with risk: the effects of shocks on reproductive health and transactional sex in rural Tanzania. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6751, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Aedo, Cristian; Hentschel, Jesko; Luque, Javier; Moreno, Martin. (2013), From occupations to embedded skills: a cross-country comparison. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6560, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Das Gupta, Monica; Dalpatadu, K. C. S.; Shanmugarajah, C. K, Herath, H. M. S. S. D. (2013), Multisectoral preventive health services in Sri Lanka: lessons for developing countries in providing public goods in health. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 6558 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Packel, Laura; Dow, William H.; de Walque, Damien; Isdahl, Zachary; Majura, Albert. (2012), Sexual behavior change intentions and actions in the context of a randomized trial of a conditional cash transfer for HIV prevention in Tanzania. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5997, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• de Walque, Damien; Dow, William H.; Medlin, Carol; Nathan, Rose. (2012), Stimulating demand for AIDS prevention: lessons from the RESPECT trial. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5973, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Akresh, Richard; Kazianga, Harounan; De Walque, Damien. (2012), Alternative cash transfer delivery mechanisms: impacts on routine preventative health clinic visits in Burkina Faso. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5958 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Ferreira, Francisco H. G.; Gignoux, Jeremie D. (2011), The measurement of educational inequality : achievement and opportunity. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5873 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Aterido, Reyes; Hallward-Driemeier, Mary; Pages, Carmen. (2011), Does expanding health insurance beyond formal-sector workers encourage informality measuring the impact of Mexico's Seguro Popular. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5785, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Das, Jishnu; Dercon, Stefan; Habyarimana, James; Krishnan, Pramila; Muralidharan, Karthik; Sundararaman, Venkatesh. (2011), School inputs, household substitution, and test scores. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5629, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Giles, John; Satriawan, Elan. (2010), Protecting child nutritional status in the aftermath of a financial crisis: evidence from Indonesia. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5471 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Dillon, Andrew; Bardasi, Elena; Beegle, Kathleen; Serneels, Pieter. (2010), Explaining variation in child labor statistics. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5414, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Fink, Gunther; Gunther, Isabel. (2010), Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5275 Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Baird, Sarah; Mcintosh, Craig; Ozler, Berk. (2010), Cash or condition evidence from a cash transfer experiment. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5259, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Andrabi, Tahir; Das, Jishnu; Khwaja, Asim Ijaz. (2009), What did you do all day maternal education and child outcomes. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5143, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Baird, Sarah; McIntosh, Craig; Ozler, Berk. (2009), Designing cost-effective cash transfer programs to boost schooling among young women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5090, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Baird, Sarah; Chirwa, Ephraim; McIntosh, Craig; Ozler, Berk. (2009), The short-term impacts of a schooling conditional cash transfer program on the sexual behavior of young women. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5089, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Lay, Jann; Robilliard, Anne-Sophie. (2009), The complementarity of MDG achievements: the case of child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5062, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• Adhvaryu, Achyuta R.; Beegle, Kathleen. (2009), The long-run impacts of adult deaths on older household members in Tanzania. Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5037, Washington, D.C. World Bank Group.
• WDR 2004: Making Services Work for Poor People.
• WDR 2007 Development and the Next Generation;
• WDR 2018 Learning to Realize Education's Promise
• Policy Research Report -Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty
• Policy Research Report - Improving Effective Coverage in Health: Do Financial Incentives Work?