Who is most exposed to rising housing costs in England and Wales? (Latest release)

Housing costs have increased since 2022 amid rising inflation and higher interest rates.

In the year to October 2022, inflation reached a 40-year-high, according to the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupier housing costs.

In response, the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee gradually raised the Bank Rate from 0.10% to 5.25% between winter 2021 and summer 2023.

More than 1.4 million households in the UK had fixed-term mortgages due for renewal in 2023, with more than half coming off interest rates of less than 2%.

By the end of 2023, more than a third of those responsible for rent or mortgage payments in Great Britain were struggling to afford them, according to our Opinions and Lifestyle survey.

We have explored which areas of England and Wales have been most and least exposed to rising mortgage and rent costs during 2023.

We have assigned each area an exposure score relative to other local authorities based on two measures:

• The estimated proportion of households affected by rising costs.
• The increase in costs as a proportion of estimated disposable income for the average household.

Select an area below for maps, charts and analysis showing how housing costs are estimated to have risen in 2023, and how it compares to its region, similar areas, and the rest of England and Wales.

Articles are not available for Isles of Scilly and City of London, as some rent data is not available because of low collection volumes.

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