Derivatives Risk-Derivatives may pose risks in addition to and greater than those associated with investing directly in securities, currencies or other investments, including risks relating to leverage, imperfect correlations with underlying investments or the Fund's other portfolio holdings, high price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty credit, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. Their use is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Advisor is incorrect about its expectations of market conditions, the use of derivatives could also result in a loss, which in some cases may be unlimited. In addition, the Fund's use of derivatives may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed at ordinary income tax rates) than if the Fund had not used such instruments. Some of the derivatives in which the Fund invests may be traded (and privately negotiated) in the over-the-counter ('OTC') market. OTC derivatives are subject to heightened counterparty credit, liquidity and valuation risks. Certain risks also are specific to the derivatives in which the Fund invests.
Futures Contracts Risk-Futures contracts are exchange-traded contracts that call for the future delivery of an asset at a certain price and date, or cash settlement of the terms of the contract. Risks of futures contracts may be caused by an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the instruments and the price of the underlying assets. In addition, there is a risk that the Fund may not be able to enter into a closing transaction because of an illiquid market. Exchanges can limit the number of positions that can be held or controlled by the Fund or the Advisor, thus limiting the ability to implement the Fund's strategies. Futures markets are highly volatile and the use of futures may increase the volatility of the Fund's net asset value ('NAV') per share. Futures are also subject to leverage and liquidity risks.
Options Risk-Options and options on futures contracts give the holder of the option the right, but not the obligation, to buy (or to sell) a position in a security or in a contract to the writer of the option, at a certain price. Options are subject to correlation risk because there may be an imperfect correlation between the options and the markets for underlying instruments that could cause a given transaction to fail to achieve its objectives. The successful use of options depends on the Advisor's ability to predict correctly future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the markets for options and the underlying instruments. Exchanges can limit the number of positions that can be held or controlled by the Fund or the Advisor, thus limiting the ability to implement the Fund's strategies. Options are also particularly subject to leverage risk and can be subject to liquidity risk.
Early Closing Risk-The Fund is subject to the risk that unanticipated early closings of securities exchanges and other financial markets may result in the Fund's inability to buy or sell securities or other financial instruments on that day and may cause the Fund to incur substantial trading losses.
Equity Securities Risk-Equity securities include common stocks and other equity and equity-related securities (and securities convertible into stocks). The prices of equity securities generally fluctuate in value more than fixed-income investments, may rise or fall rapidly or unpredictably and may reflect real or perceived changes in the issuing company's financial condition and changes in the overall market or economy. A decline in the value of equity securities held by the Fund will adversely affect the value of your investment in the Fund. Common stocks generally represent the riskiest investment in a company and dividend payments (if declared) to preferred stockholders generally rank junior to payments due to a company's debtholders. The Fund may lose a substantial part, or even all, of its investment in a company's stock.
Foreign Issuer Exposure Risk-The Fund may invest in securities of foreign companies directly, or in financial instruments that are indirectly linked to the performance of foreign issuers, such as ADRs. The Fund's exposure to foreign issuers and investments in foreign securities, if any, are subject to additional risks in comparison to U.S. securities and U.S. issuers, including currency fluctuations, adverse political and economic developments, unreliable or untimely information, less liquidity, limited legal recourse and higher transactional costs.
Industry Concentration Risk-The Fund expects to concentrate (i.e., invest more than 25% of its net assets) its investments in a limited number of issuers conducting business in the same industry or group of related industries. To the extent the Fund does so, the Fund is more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, regulatory, political or other developments affecting that industry or group of related industries than a fund that invests its assets more broadly. As of June 30, 2021, the Fund's investments are concentrated in securities issued by companies in the Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment Industry. As a result of the Fund's concentration in the Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment Industry, the Fund is subject to the risks associated with that Industry. The Semiconductors and Semiconductor Equipment Industry includes manufacturers of semiconductor equipment, semiconductors and related products, including equipment used in the solar power industry and manufacturers of