Crawford Lake core now part of national museum’s collection

A freeze core extracted from Crawford Lake during Brock University-led research is now part of the Canadian Museum of Nature's permanent collection.

The core was placed into the Museum's National Biodiversity Cryobank of Canada in Gatineau, Que., during a ceremony April 11. The Cryobank contains a biorepository of specimens from across Canada and abroad, stored at -180°C, to be used in ongoing research.

The core came from multi-institutional research directed by Brock Professor of Earth Sciences Francine McCarthy to study Crawford Lake's geologic record for evidence of human activity.

At last week's ceremony, Brock Acting Vice-President, Research Michelle McGinn said the team's findings were exciting and important for understanding shifts in the natural environment.

"The scientists collected sediment layers from the bottom of Crawford Lake using a process called freeze coring," she said. "These frozen cores contain traces of pollution and other human-made materials and, from these, Dr. McCarthy and her team can see alterations to the environment such as climate and species change."

In the evening, McGinn and members of the research team spoke about the research at a public event at the Canadian Museum of Nature's Ottawa location.

In the lead-up to the event, McCarthy said the core transfer marked a notable step in the research process.

"The value of the annually layered sediments that accumulate undisturbed at the bottom of this unusual lake to the natural history of Canada and the world is underscored by our national Museum's commitment to archive this core," she said in an earlier interview.

Since the 1970s, Brock scientists have been studying the Milton, Ont., lake's geology and history. McCarthy's team was examining the Lake's geology as part of international efforts to establish a new epoch, called the Anthropocene, in the Earth's geologic timescale.

Part of the process involved finding a location on Earth - a reference point, called the GSSP for short - where the lower boundary of a next epoch could be seen clearly.

This was in response to a worldwide movement of geologists to determine the extent to which human activity has changed the Earth's geology.

Ultimately, the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy within the International Union of Geological Sciences, following a disputed vote, decided against the creation of a new epoch, the Anthropocene, at this time.

Professor of Earth Sciences Martin Head is Second Vice-Chair of that Subcommission. He had encouraged McCarthy to set up a Crawford Lake research group that would examine Crawford Lake as being a possible GSSP for the proposed Anthropocene epoch.

"The Crawford Lake core continues to symbolize the Anthropocene with its exquisitely detailed record of human impacts," Head said during the cryobank ceremony.

"In particular, its unsurpassed record of plutonium-239 will continue to serve as the primary identifier for the base of the Anthropocene," he said. "The Anthropocene is now defined - even as it still awaits official designation."

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