04/24/2024 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 04/24/2024 02:39
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) is a serious neurological disorder identified by an abrupt increase in the body temperature accompanied by changes in mental function, varying from a daze to unconsciousness and the sudden occurrence of seizures. Manifesting a high case-fatality rate, this illness experiences seasonal outbreaks annually, particularly impacting the lives of children under the age of 15. This syndrome encompasses a broad spectrum of etiologies, both infectious and non-infectious.
Infectious causes of AES include a wide range of viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and rickettsial infections. Common viral pathogens associated with AES include:
Bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections can also lead to AES, with examples including pyogenic meningitis, tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, and malaria, among others. Rickettsial infections, such as scrub typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, are notable causes.
Non-infectious etiologies contributing to AES encompass various inflammatory, metabolic, toxic, and drug-induced conditions. These include:
AES patients may present with infectious and non-infectious causes, making diagnosis challenging. Clinical features such as fever, focal signs, and seizures are more common in infectious encephalitis than in non-infectious encephalopathy. However, a comprehensive diagnosis and specific laboratory tests are crucial for differentiation.
Diagnostic evaluation for AES typically involves a wide array of tests to identify the underlying cause. Here's a breakdown of the diagnostic process:
By systematically conducting these diagnostic tests, healthcare providers can effectively identify the underlying cause of AES and tailor the treatment accordingly.
Managing AES requires a multi-faceted approach focusing on initial stabilization, precise diagnosis, and prevention of secondary brain injury. Here's a breakdown of the management options:
Begin broad-spectrum antibiotics, including cephalosporins, anti-malarial, and antitubercular agents for bacterial pathogens.
Use steroids for Hashimoto encephalopathy and autoimmune encephalitis and other immunosuppressant drugs, like rituximab or cyclophosphamide, for refractory cases. Plasmapheresis is also considered for immune-mediated encephalitis.
By adhering to these management criteria, healthcare providers can recommend appropriate vaccinations for individuals at increased risk, optimizing outcomes for patients with AES and mitigating associated mortality and morbidity.
AES represents a complex clinical entity with diverse etiologies, necessitating a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management. Understanding the specific infectious agents in different regions is crucial for effective surveillance, prevention, and treatment strategies. Collaboration between clinicians, epidemiologists, and public health authorities is essential for addressing the challenges posed by AES globally.
Hospitals: Cancer Hospital in Delhi | Best Heart Hospital in Delhi | Hospital in Amritsar | Hospital in Ludhiana | Hospitals in Mohali | Hospital in Faridabad | Hospitals in Gurgaon | Best Hospital in Jaipur | Hospitals in Greater Noida | Hospitals in Noida | Best Kidney Hospital in Kolkata | Best Hospital in Kolkata | Hospitals in Rajajinagar Bangalore | Hospitals in Richmond Road Bangalore | Hospitals in Nagarbhavi Bangalore | Hospital in Kalyan West | Hospitals in Mulund | Best Hospital in India | Gastroenterologist in Jaipur | Cardiology Hospital in India
Doctors: Dr. Rana Patir | Dr. Rajesh Benny | Dr. Rahul Bhargava | Dr. Jayant Arora | Dr. Anoop Misra | Dr. Manu Tiwari | Dr. Praveer Agarwal | Dr. Arup Ratan Dutta | Dr. Meenakshi Ahuja | Dr. Anoop Jhurani | Dr. Shivaji Basu | Dr. Subhash Jangid | Dr. Atul Mathur | Dr. Gurinder Bedi | Dr. Monika Wadhawan | Dr. Debasis Datta | Dr. Shrinivas Narayan | Dr. Praveen Gupta | Dr. Nitin Jha | Dr. Raghu Nagaraj | Dr. Ashok Seth |Dr. Sandeep Vaishya | Dr. Atul Mishra | Dr. Z S Meharwal | Dr. Ajay Bhalla | Dr. Atul Kumar Mittal | Dr. Arvind Kumar Khurana | Dr. Narayan Hulse | Dr. Samir Parikh | Dr. Amit Javed | Dr. Narayan Banerjee | Dr. Bimlesh Dhar Pandey | Dr. Arghya Chattopadhyay | Dr. G.R. Vijay Kumar | Dr Ashok Gupta | Dr. Gourdas Choudhuri | Dr. Sushrut Singh | Dr. N.C. Krishnamani | Dr. Atampreet Singh | Dr. Vivek Jawali | Dr. Sanjeev Gulati | Dr. Amite Pankaj Aggarwal | Dr. Ajay Kaul | Dr. Sunita Varma | Dr. Manoj Kumar Goel | Dr. R Muralidharan | Dr. Sushmita Roychowdhury | Dr. T.S. MAHANT | Dr. UDIPTA RAY | Dr. Aparna Jaswal | Dr. Ravul Jindal | Dr. Savyasachi Saxena | Dr. Ajay Kumar Kriplani | Dr. Nitesh Rohatgi | Dr. Anupam Jindal |
Specialities: Heart Lung Transplant | Orthopedic| Cardiology Interventional | Obstetrics & Gynaecology | Onco Radiation | Neurosurgery |